Economics Unit †housing prices from different cities Essay

The cost of housing is commonly the reflection of the value of the land plus the price of the house and the amenities that come with it. This is often affected by what’s around the place, the nearest recreation areas or sceneries. This affects how housing is priced, and is also usually affected by the supply and demand of the land. Because of this, there are various considerations when choosing where to have a house, including the total costs and what you’ll actually get from it. Usually, these prices also vary from city to city, as it is known that not all cities are the same regarding what you get from the housing deals, like the nearest public transportation, market, and schools. These all appeals to the needs of the people, and these are usually the ones that affect the pricing. The housing prices are directly affected by the changes in supply and demand of the land. This is because of the developments done in housing, wherein house prices are thoroughly based on the value of the amenities that are directly available in the neighborhood (Nelson). Because of this increase in demand, there will be an increase in the competition for the houses, since there are a lot of people wanting the same thing, and that is a good housing. As a number of residents are acquiring homes, the more the managers of the land would try and make sure to provide benefits for these residents. This includes additional security, recreation areas and shopping areas for the people. They are not only investing on the housing that they are being sold, but also with the things that come with it that would surely benefit the people. This is how the housing value is affected when there is an increase in demand: it is not only because you have to increase the price when a lot of people demand for housing in a specific city or area, it is also because of the increase in the services that one should provide for these increasing number of residents. The cost of those additional amenities would then be reflected in the housing price: the more amenities offered, the higher the price (Duca). Comparison of different cities In order to actually see how amenities affect the price of housing, the housing situations in various cities are compared. This is by comparing the price of a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house in several cities like San Francisco, California; Topeka, Kansas; Dallas, Texas; Concord, Massachusetts; and Seattle, Washington. The results for the housing prices in these different cities were varying, and it is because of the added amenities that you can find available upon purchase, plus the neighborhood and the type of house. The most obvious result was between the housing of a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house in San Francisco, California and Dallas, Texas. The cost of housing in San Francisco, California ranges from $600,000 to a million US dollars. Meanwhile, the cost of housing in Dallas, Texas for a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house ranges from $40,000 to a hundred thousand US dollars (Realtor. com). The difference is quite large, and this is roughly because of the amenities that are included upon purchasing these houses. Housing in Dallas, Texas doesn’t offer much, wherein it is far from public transportation, and are often in subdivision areas. On the other hand, housing in San Francisco, California has amenities like community exercise and recreation areas, hill/mountain view, Water view, and so much more. Because of those differences, the prices of these housing deals are comparatively far from each other. These differences in housing deals give the people choices, wherein they are free to choose what type of amenities they want in their house. Also this variety would give them a wide array of choices, either wanting a plain, not so costly house, or to a fully-packed house that would surely cost them money. Other amenities present (or lacking) in some of the houses in various cities which could have affected their prices includes access to shopping areas/markets, nearby elementary or high schools, parks and recreation areas, and the type and quality of the house itself. With all these, the price the housing offered in the various cities is greatly varying. References: Duca, J. V. (2005, September/October 2005). Making Sense of Elevated Housing Prices. Southwest Economy Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www. dallasfed. org/research/swe/2005/swe0505b. html Nelson, A. C. (2000 ). Effects of Urban Containment on Housing Prices and Landowner Behavior. Land Lines, Volume 12(Number 3). Realtor. com. (2007). Find A Home. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www. realtor. com/Default. aspx

Canadian Film Industry

In the Canadian Film industry there are numerous major players, some of which are supported by the Canadian and Provincial governments and others are independent companies. In this paper, we will take a look at the structures in which these firms function as well as their roles within it. The government of Canada has a strong support and purpose for the film industry and we will take a closer look at some of the motivators for these actions and how they seek to do so. The objectives of the government, politicians and bureaucrats involved and how this came to be a strategic industry will also be examined. The performance of each of these players will present burdens and benefits to the policy community and the industrial policy for the Canadian film industry itself. For the purposes of this paper we will define the Canadian film industry as, the filmmaking industry in Canada. Canada is home to several film studios centres, primarily located in its three largest cities: Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal. Most of these industries and communities tend to be regional and niche in nature, therefore a typical film in Canada is made through a complex array of government funding and incentives and from distributors. We may include television as apart of film productions definition but broadcast will not be included because of the variety different types of distribution, coverage and funding it adds to the topic at hand. The Government of Canada has set up film advisory boards, started major corporations and spent billions of dollars in support of this industry, in this paper we seek to answer the question, why? (Government of Canada, 2010) There are a few different hypothesis, but as we will see it is a more complex of a situation than meets the eye. The political and economic motivators for attracting film and television production activities are to capture economic multiplier effects, which are believed to exceed the cost of foregone tax income by a factor of two or three. (Davis, 2009) Other positive views include the large employment that the industry provides for Canadians, for foreign outsourced productions 31,650 jobs were created in one year, with an average employment income of $36,000. (Canadian Government, 2010) Another main factor is the indigenous productions are on the rise Canadian content accounted for 13. % of total revenues, up from 4. 9% in 2005. (Government of Canada, 2008) This shows that the main objectives, as stated by the Canadian Government themselves, are to foster the quality and diversity of Canadian film by restructuring support programs to reward ongoing performance and by encouraging an increase in average production budgets. (Government of Canada, 2010) These are only some of the reasons why this has become a strategic industry. Close substitutes including, sporting events, concerts all affect the consumers consumption of movies. The recession is said to have had a positive affect on the consumers desire to go out to the movies, this could be based on the relatively low financial commitment of a movie versus the price of a ticket to a concert or sporting event. Of interest is the issue of the 2010 Olympics, were staged in Vancouver, one of the Canadian hot spots for film making especially co-productions with Hollywood. Revenues dipped more than 22 percent based on the fact that not many producers wanted to shoot during the Winter games. Oddly though, due to the recession production numbers were able to increase. Post Media News, 2011) Some of the main keys to success of the industry are, in fact, the support from the government, the ability of the industry to produce a decent profit margin and to create jobs for Canadians. Also, indigenous film making is on the rise mainly due to the support and the active goal making that the government had put into motion. Distribution and marketing of these films need growth, there are some festivals and award shows that are strategic variability to the marketing of films such as, Toronto film festival, Genie awards Victoria film festival. Even though there are two firms that recently switched their focus entirely to distribution, Alliance Atlantis and Lions Gate Entertainment no longer produces films at all. Distribution continues to be a problem for Canadian filmmakers, though this established network of film festivals provides important marketing and audience exposure for Canadian films. In addition, international co-productions are increasingly important for Canadian producers and smaller films are often funded by arts councils (at all levels of government) and film collectives. Another recent but very real burden for the Canadian film industry is the ack of attention and funds paid to it in the 2010 budget. Some have argued that the government has not made necessary budget allocation for the industry to continue its growth, especially for indigenous projects. (Government of Canada , 2010) Structure: The top four firms in the Canadian film industry will be the main focus, as they play the largest role in Canada, although there are many arts councils and film collectives especially at the provincial level. The four firms are the National Film Board of Canada, Telefilm Canada, the Canadian Television Fund, and the Canada Council for the Arts. These companies accounted for about 73% of total national revenues, up from 71% in 2005. (Government of Canada, 2008) The National Film Board of Canada and the Canada Council for the Arts are both agents of the federal crown. Notable is the recent closure of the Canadian Television Fund in March 2010. In addition, Telefilm is an agent of the federal crown and is the main distributor of Canada Media Fund, which has now taken over some of the projects and duties of the CTF. These crown corporations report to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. (Government of Canada, 2010). Some other forms of support are incentives that these companies disseminate or create; Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office (CAVCO), Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit (CPTC), Film or Video Production Services Tax Credit (PSTC), Film or Video Production Services Tax Credit (PSTC), Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit (CPTC), Canada Arts Presentation Fund (formerly Arts Presentation Canada), Canada Arts Presentation Fund (formerly Arts Presentation Canada), Canada Cultural Investment Fund (formerly Canadian Arts and Heritage Sustainability Program) and Audiovisual Coproduction. This is only a small representation of programs and incentives that are offered by the federal government, most often each province has it’s own incentives, scholarships and funds for regional talent. These opportunities are there to encourage Canadian filmmakers so that Canadian content is available and accessible to Canadians by reflecting Canada's rich linguistic, ethno-cultural diversity. Filmmakers, employees, and pretty much any one on the Canadian film labour force would be considered interest groups. They have been fighting for years for the benefits and labour relations that some other industries have had for 50 years. The film industry has had a long history with issues within the industrial labour relations. There have been many fair policies created in protection of the productions crews, now the industry is seeking policies and opportunities affecting the accumulation of capabilities and the level of the production firm. As previously stated the distribution of indigenous films is limited in Canada and this poses one of its biggest challenges. The customers (moviegoers) need to be informed about the release dates and when and where they can see such films. Reviews need to readily be available, with the strong financial backing the that Hollywood has to market and distribute films, Canadian films must have a stronger presence in the industry in the form of television, internet and print advertisements. Indigenous production capabilities benefit directly for providing services to Hollywood, while indigenous business and creative capabilities are much less likely to benefit. (Davis, 2009) By broadening the Canadian knowledge base, by helping in the production of blockbusters, it not only inspires us to make blockbusters but we can learn from the mistakes of our southern neighbours. Not only that, but the American celebrities increase the fascination with the film culture and get movie goers excited about going to see films. Business and creative capabilities pay be limited by this co-production relationship, in that the policies and tax incentives in place encourage the American film industry to take advantage of these opportunities but have sometimes nearing quadruple the budget as a Canadian film. This quintessential competitiveness is said to be undermined by the tax incentives and interferes with international trade agreements. If this is so, this also undermines the co-production relationship Canadians have with the American industry. It seems to be a give and take relationship, where they provide us with jobs and knowhow, where we offer up business capabilities. As for the creative capabilities of Canadians in film, this is something that cannot be undermined. It is possible to get sucked into the hype of Hollywood and become all too focused on making that next blockbuster, but many of Canadian filmmakers know that their product represent a Canadian perspective and are proud of that. So this dichotomy of benefit versus burden, does have a large opportunity to become balanced, if we can accept the balance of exchange of know-how and business value. Behaviour: The markets strategies of government, firms, cooperative and independent, interest groups determines the significance of the non market actions to the firms involved in the Canadian film industry. The non-market strategies: of government, firms, cooperative and independent, interest groups shapes the business opportunities and co-productions possibilities in the marketplace. (Baron, 2010) First we will begin with the market strategies that are applied by the different parties involved in the film industry. The labour force (crews) in the production industry had a hard time getting respect on a policy level. The collective bargaining was nearly non-existent. Now that policies have been set in place to protect workers on set and in production there is more of a focus on policies on the level of the firms themselves. What rights do the firms posses? How can they counter any milestones that may occur? How do we help them become more competitive with the American markets? The answers are funding for distribution. The two companies who are currently focusing on distribution, are underfunded and it seems they lack the knowledge base to promote a film from start to finish. With all the media avenues today, marketing a film needs to touch on television, internet and print promotions, but without reliable financial commitment from the Canadian government we can hardly support our Canadian productions. For non-market strategies, we can see clear evidence that the top four firms do in fact work together, largely based on the fact that they are all government funded and owned, subsidiaries of the crown. Some arguments are made that service production is said to risk inhibiting development by deflecting of eclipsing indigenous production or by absorbing resources that might otherwise devoted to it. (Davis, 2009) Many of the firms have the same goal because they share similar beginnings. Independent production firms lack a team ethic with the bigger crown firms. An underlying policy assumption of promoting and independent production is that an increasingly capable domestic production should get some degree of economic viability through the conquest of international markets. Observations: The reason there is a lack of perspective in the industry is because all the firms have a different focus but with many of the same goals and funding. We can see that in the past 50 years the industry has overcome many market issues, but does need to ban together and demand some support for distribution. If no one will see the films that reflect our culture and perspective, what is the point? This is the main problem with the film industry today, as well as the disconnect with independently run firms. Filmmakers need a voice and should be more involved in non-market strategies.

Evans and Ogbu's Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evans and Ogbu's Theories - Assignment Example Evans has identified that the Social Reproduction Theory has ignored the patterns of social structures and relationships; the theory states that "social action and interaction recreated the social structures and relationships over time and across space", which is objectionable because such social interactions have injected the elements of vanity, pride, fear, and hatred i.e. social exploitation and injustice. The Social Reproduction Theory has failed on the economic side, the theory has failed to justify and explain the existence of economic and social injustice, and rise in poverty even in the presence of interactive-social structures. This concept has been responsible for the increase in capital accumulation, which has deprived the underprivileged of recovery. Evan has suggested that the theory has failed "in the reproduction of the capital structures and the infrastructure that are necessary to carry on economic activity over time". Evan has identified the ignorance towards a biol ogical aspect of the human and social growth, the growth of human society is not by the virtue of social and economic structure, it shall include consideration towards "daily and generational parts of reproduction".The community and social factors have identified the integration of "anthropological and sociological theory". The Cultural Reproduction Theory has focused upon the relationship between the system and community forces, these forces are not proportional to each other however these certain share influence upon each other. The theory has explained that "system forces facilitated a set of communal responses which became strong enough instituted and widely enough shared to become community forces"; Evans has warned that irrespective of such system, any form of discrimination based upon cultural, racial and social heterogeneity, and shall inflict certain responses from involuntary minorities. Evans suggested that the theory has ignored the frequency of impact of specific social forces, such impact does not require "formative period to produce an everlasting result". The Cultural Reproduction Theory has discussed the influence of continuous changing community and system; however, it has failed to deliver significance and contribution of such special force/s. This theory has explained the translation of the cultural practices from family to family, and generation to generation; however, such translation has ignored the essence and role of the social forces which in the middle of the process have the capability to vary the translation or its interpretation. This theory has revealed the cultural reproduction based upon social influences but has ignored the notion of pluralism and convergence between varied cultural practices and perspectives.  

Role of Supreme Court under the direction of John Marshall Essay

Role of Supreme Court under the direction of John Marshall - Essay Example Role of Supreme Court under the direction of John Marshall In the case Maryland vs. McCulloh, the Supreme Court through Marshall’s verdict asserted that the federal government retains the power to tax the new national bank since its powers are constitutionally right. This ruling brought the balance between the state and the federal government. Federalism caused differences in the way the US government operated. According to his judgments, the federal law was more superior to the State. Most of his rulings aimed at reducing the monopolies that overtook the business realm in the 1800’s. Marshal was able to prevent the state government from using too much beyond their jurisdiction to control business activities. In 1810, Marshall made a ruling between Fletcher v Peck insisting that businesses should avoid breach of contracts if they are to succeed. Marshal also ensured that corporation and organization transact business as individuals and own properties like humans (Henry). Impacts of transport revolution in America 1816-1860 The government played a crucial role in promoting the transport sector during this period. The government built roads, canals, and railways to promote the business industry that was rapidly growing. During this time, sea transport provided the cheapest transport. This encouraged the government to build many canals in the country. Journeys became shorter; business transactions and operations moved faster. Transport also helped in improving the communication.

Business Ethics and Consequentialism Assignment

Business Ethics and Consequentialism - Assignment Example For instance, it may repulse stakeholders and employees. It spoils the public image of the company which in the long run affects the company profitability (Hartman, 2002). This article analysis the ethical concerns in the case of the company that manufactured transistors that became the sole supplier to pacemaker manufacturing company in relation to Jeremy Bentham theory of ethics of utility. Ethical issues in the Case The company in question had been involved in supplying transistors used in production of pacemakers. The pacemaker is an electric device used to ensure that the heart of a patient with weak pulse rates does not stop. By implanting the devise in an individual, the heart functioning is completely dependent on this device. This means that if the device stops because of a defect, the patient automatically dies. There have been cases where patients had died after pulling the wires that connected to the device out unconsciously (Ferrell, 2010) There were also concerns on the lack of a standards used to test the electronics used in making the pace setters. The ethical issues in this case were being involved in supplying transistors to a company producing a device without good standards which put the lives of people at risk. If the faults of these devices would be traced back to the company supplying the transistors, they would be in danger of being sued in a law suit. This would have bad implications on the company which would pay huge fines on the affected families. The implication of the company in such a serious case leading to death of people would taint the company which would again have huge implications on the company’s productivity. Another ethical issue is if the company would pull out from this business, the company producing the pacemakers would also be out of business since the company in question was the only existing supplier. The pacemaker had benefited may people possibly saving their lives despite it having many flaws (Ferrell, 2 010). It would be wrong the deny patients this device which might just save them from the pangs of death. The company in the end decided to continue supplying the pacemaker company but would ensure that its engineers carried out rigorous testing on the electronics. This is because this is the only way that he supplying company would be help against in case of law suit. They also stated that they would stop business with the pacemaker company if the company failed to look into the technical problems. This way, the company would be able to help in making it possible for patient to enjoy the promising technology of the pacemaker. The company also figured that although it was not getting a lot of profits from this venture at that time. This was an upcoming industry with promising future growth and the company would get major benefits in the long run. What would Jeremy Bentham, the father of utilitarianism, have said about this Case? Bentham believed that utilitarianism is guided by two masters: pain and pleasure. Making ethical decisions is therefore based on looking for happiness and avoiding pain. This therefore means that utilitarian ethics means making decision that ensures that an individual benefits the most (Jeremy, 2009). Although it is right to promote the well being of others, this cannot be done if it is in conflict with individual good. In the case of the sole supplier, Bentham would have definitely

Defining the Evolution of Duties Among Social Workers Essay

Defining the Evolution of Duties Among Social Workers - Essay Example As the essay declares the changes which are made through the social welfare system change levels of accountability as well as legal approaches taken to working with others. The alterations made through each of these continue to evolve, specifically because of cases associated with rights as well as actions taken for or against social workers. Examining the various roles and how these have altered in recent years for social workers then creates a deeper understanding toward the current expectations of those within the social justice system. According to the report findings the professional mix which is created for those working as a professional social worker continues to alter because of regulations and policies which are implemented. The alterations are specific to finding innovative ways and measures of working with other professionals as well as with the duties which are expected by workers. It is noted that there are dual roles which are carried by social workers. The first is to the interest of the social work, specifically with the judicial and legal roles as well as the expected duties which need to be performed in relation to the judicial system. The second role is based on meeting the client needs and expectations while assisting with the social and personal values that are expected among social workers. The duties then become based on making ethical decisions that best serve the interests of both roles while developing a sense of value neutrality toward both sides to ensure that the correct human rights and a lternative goals are met. (Dolgoff, Loewenberg, Harrington,2012). The modernist approach which is taken is further defined because it is a state mediated profession within the statutory sector. The result is that there is a set of discrete behaviors that are performed within the profession and which are expected to match with the state regulations that are performed. This is followed with the professional treatment model. This shows that as long as one is able to follow the state expectations, there is not difficulty in meeting the agenda of the state and in regulating specific aspects of the judicial system (Brayne, Carr, 2010: 57). Even if there is a sense that a client needs a different aspect relating to a case, a sense of subordination begins to appear, specifically to begin to change and alter the way that the social workers look at the organization and expectations which appear. Structural and ideological changes, modernization agendas with New Labor and Human Rights Acts and other legalities change the entire structure of the social work and the professional duties, creating alterations with the code of ethics, performance and the restrictive use of Fair Access to Care Services. These dilemmas are then created by asking professional social workers to continue to meet the agenda, demands and judicial duties within the social worker system (Harris, White, 2009: 132). The changing government regulations then meet with the expectations for codes of ethics that are defined for social workers. It is noted that there are two sets of ethics that are defined among social workers, including principle based and virtue based. The principle based comes with the judicial system, specifically which identifies each social act creating expectations and alterations to those that are going through the justice system. The judicial system regulates concepts such as human

Apple Operations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Operations - Term Paper Example The company has a wide range of products such as desktop computers, laptops, mobiles and different application software. Along with its subsidiaries the company develops and markets various portable applications as well. Some of the bestseller items of the company include portable music players, mobile communication devices and several other digital gadgets. Buzzwords such as I-pod, I-phone and I-pad are all creations of Apple. The company also has a strong presence in the field of software. The software segment includes operating systems such as Mac OS and other utility and productivity applications like Quick time player, I-work and logic studio among others (Apple Store, n.d.). The company has a global presence and owns more than 370 stores. It has a workforce of 20,000 people. Apple mainly distributes its product through whole sellers, retailers and Apple owned exclusive stores. Hewlett Packard, Dell, Google and Research in Motion Limited are the direct competitors of the company (NASDAQ, 2012). However companies such as Lenovo, Compaq, Toshiba and Hitachi are also considered as the circumlocutory competitors of the company. The aim of the report is to offer the domestic operations of the company. Also the report will stress on the global operational strategy of the company. In the operational strategies the report will offers insights about the way Apple markets its products. Finally the report will conclude by revealing the differences between the domestic operations and the global operations of the company. Domestic Operations of Apple Operations management can be regarded as the process in which human, material and financial inputs are transformed into output of products, service or other utilities (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2006, p.279). However the actual creation of the product takes place in the mid half of the process and is referred to as manufacturing, production or the operations (Finch, 2008, p.164). In addition to that material management or logistics controls the transfer of raw materials through the process of value chain. The distribution on the other hand deals with the delivery of goods to the end customers. Finally the after sales provided by the company are known as support. Figure 1 (Source: McCubbrey, 2010) Value Chain of Apple The value chain of the company is discussed below:- Inbound Logistics Most of the essential components which are required for manufacturing Apple’s products are available from several sources. However some of the essential materials are obtained from single sources. In order to cite an instance IBM is the only supplier of G5 processor, which is being used in the products of PowerMac, while Motorola is the only supplier of G4 processor to the company. Operations The company has highly innovative products (O’Grady, 2008, p.xii). Hence the materials also need to be of high quality. Now as the raw materials are obtained the final assembly of the products is carried out in the manufacturing and assembling plants of Apple. Sacramento and Cork are the two places where the operations take place. Nevertheless the operations are also carried out by external vendors in places such as Netherlands, Korea, China and Taiwan among others (Day, 2010). In the portable category the products are assembled in Japan, China and Taiwan. Therefore from the findings it is clear that Apple only manufacture few of its products in USA and most of them assembled by third party vendors.

Children and IQ Testing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Children and IQ Testing - Coursework Example When developing children’s cognitive and physical features are very challenging tasks. Their learning abilities depend on the teachers’ influence, environment and individual interests. Therefore, it is vital for teachers to identify their students’ strengths and put more emphasis on their weak areas. In cases where some students perform well than others, it is the duty of teachers to arrange for private tutorials for weak students. This motivates them greatly and helps them in clarifying the areas they did not understand in class. In my view, these gifted students should not be placed in special schools rather be mixed. That way, they can use their skills to help the weak ones realize their goals (Rosenberg et al., 2007, p. 415). In addition, gifted students have a high degree of empathy for other students. Therefore, through this they can assist their fellow students in conducting their assignments and meeting the teachers’ objectives. Finally, most public schools have not been able to meet the needs of extremely gifted students. This is because they lack adequate learning resources to nurture students of such behavior. Therefore,more funds should be channeled to public schools so that gifted students can realize their full

Mac Os X Essay Example for Free

Mac Os X Essay The Mac OS X Panther operation system has met with both technical and commercial success. Since the debut of Mac OS X in 2001, its features have continued to improve. The initial system Mac OS X 10. 1 was originally shipped in September 2001 and was referred to as Puma; Jaguar, version 10. 2, was shipped in August 2002, and Panther, the current version, was shipped in October 2003. The focus of this paper is on the key technologies that have made Mac OS X Panther a technical success such as CPU scheduling, symmetric multiprocessing, memory protection, and virtual memory; we begin with an overview of the MAC OS X operating system. Overview of Mac OS X Panther Mac OS, from Apple Computer, can be considered two families of operating systems: the older and now unsupported classic Mac OS (the system that shipped with the first Mac in 1984 and its descendants, culminating with Mac OS 9), and the newer Mac OS X. Mac OS X Panther is a UNIX-based Operating System with the intuitive user interface called Aqua. The modern core UNIX-based Operating System brings benefits such as protected memory and preemptive multitasking to Macintosh computing. Mac OS X Panther also has a sparkling user interface capable of visual effects such as translucence and drop shadows. The central characteristic of the Mac OS X architecture is the layering of system software, with one layer having dependencies on, and interfaces with, the layer beneath it (see Figure 1-1). Mac OS X has four distinct layers of system software (in order of dependency): Application Environments consists of the frameworks, libraries, and services necessary for the runtime execution of programs developed with those API. Mac OS X currently provides five application (or execution) environments: Carbon, Cocoa, Java, Classic, and BSD Commands. Application Services incorporates the system services available to all application environments that have some impact on the graphical user interface. It includes Quartz, QuickDraw, and OpenGL as well as essential system managers. Core Services incorporates those system services that have no effect on the graphical user interface. It includes Core Foundation, Open Transport, and certain core portions of Carbon. Kernel Environment provides the foundation layer of Mac OS X. Its primary components are Mach 3. 0 and FreeBSD, but it also includes networking protocol stacks and services, file systems, and device drivers. The kernel environment offers facilities for developing device drivers (the I/O Kit) and loadable kernel extensions, including Network Kernel Extensions (NKEs). This integrated kernel environment is called Darwin and it is an Open Source technology available from www. apple. com/darwin. The following is the components that Mach 3. 0 and FreeBSD provide: Mach †¢ support for SMP †¢ untyped IPC and RPC memory management †¢ support for real-time services †¢ external pager †¢ modular architecture †¢ improved performance BSD †¢ file systems †¢ networking †¢ basic security policies such as user IDs and permissions †¢ the system framework a mechanism for exporting APIs to the application layers †¢ the BSD process model, including process IDs and signals †¢ FreeBSD kernel APIs †¢ Pthre ads (POSIX threads implementation) [pic] Figure 1-1 System Layer CPU Scheduling The kernel environment of Mac OS X, specifically Mach, provides the fundamental thread support. Mach maintains the register state of its threads and schedules them preemptively in relation to one another. In general, multitasking may be either cooperative or preemptive. Classic Mac OS implements cooperative multitasking which was not very intelligent. In cooperative CPU scheduling the OS requires that each task voluntarily give up control so that other tasks can execute, so unimportant but CPU-intensive background events might take up so much for a processor’s time that more important activities in the foreground would become sluggish and unresponsive. On the other hand, preemptive multitasking allows an external authority to delegate execution time to the available tasks. Mac OS X’s Mach supports preemptive multitasking in which it processes several different tasks simultaneously. To affect the structure of the address space, or to reference any resource other than the address space, the thread must execute a special trap instruction which causes the kernel to perform operations on behalf of the thread, or to send a message to some agent on behalf of the thread. In general, these traps manipulate resources associated with the task containing the thread. Mach provides a flexible framework for thread scheduling policies. Mac OS X supports both the multilevel feedback queue scheduling and round-robin (RR) scheduling algorithm. The multilevel feedback queue scheduling algorithm partitions the ready queue into several separate queues and allows a process to move between queues. In the multilevel feedback queue scheduling algorithm, each run queue has various priorities that are handled in different ways. A multilevel feedback queue scheduling thread’s priority is raised and lowered to balance its resource consumption against other threads. Round-robin threads execute for a certain time quantum (time slice), and then are put at the end of the queue of threads of equal priority. Setting a round robin thread’s quantum to infinity effectively makes the thread run-till-block within its priority. Mac OS X internally has 128 priority levels, ranging from 0 (lowest priority) to 127 (highest priority).

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay Example for Free

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay One of the main reasons that the company William Beckett Co needs to have a flexible work force is a factor that we have already spoken about which is the increase of work for the company that has happened in the last few years, which has created a few problems for them in most parts of the business. The other major factor that requires the company to have a flexible works force is the job rotation strategy that I have also mentioned earlier. This can only work if the employees themselves have the skills and abilities to actually perform this different jobs otherwise the whole thing will break down. If the employees dont have the right skills and abilities then the process is pointless and costly to the company as the workers would be very ineffective to produce the same standard of work that the other employees produce as they have been trained to do this. Although many view employee training as a necessary evil and expense that must be tolerated, a well designed training program pays for itself and increases the bottom line. Such a program teaches new employees to do it right the first time, thus minimizing down time, equipment damage, and personal injury while maximizing productivity and profits http://pages.prodigy. net/pblair/ttthome. htm (technical training tips) To help control the increasing level of work that the company has, they would need a flexible workforce who could move around to different areas in the company to help out with the work in order to create some stability of the work that is coming in and the work that is being completed. This would allow the company to deal with the influx of work, help the productivity of the company and even help with the motivation of the employees, whilst maintaining the impressive level of sales. As the company is over run with business, they are in need of more staff to handle the amount of work which they are generating. So the director employees a new sales administrator to help with the situation. The problem is that the person he has employed is a friend of his so he has had no formal interview or application. After a while the man redefines his own job to sales representative as he is more experienced at doing this job as he knows more about this side of the company than the administration side. The director had employed his friend to do a job he is not really qualified or able to do. I believe that the company needs to set up a human resource department which would be able to deal with the recruitment of new employees for the company. The problems with recruiting employees who are not able to do the job are that the will not be able to complete jobs on time or to a high standard of quality, which also means that productivity will be affect and the employee himself will be unhappy as he isnt able to perform the duties in his job specification. Once the HR department is setup the managers will be able to move some of their tasks over to them like recruitment, appraisals, motivational and training. As the directors are struggling to do this now the only solution would be to set up the Hr department as soon as possible. The training needs are needed throughout the company, this is due to the fact that the company has grown rapidly and the fact that the company has invested in a new range of technologies to keep them up to date with their competitors and the changes in the market. I have identified certain areas that need improving with the management which are leadership training, interpersonal relationships need to be worked on and they also need to be able to delegate tasks and responsibility. The interpersonal skills when the one to one trainer has to exercise are described by Megginson and Boydell (1979) as being similar to those required by the skilful counsellor page 229 of the theory and practice of training, 4th edition by Roger Buckley and Jim Caple. The results of this should be an increase in productivity and an improvement in sales. They could also develop their own internal learning programme as they dont have a lot of time to send them away from the company for a long time as they are so busy. The lower level staff need new training as they will not be able to work effectively enough with the new technologies as they will not be familiar with it compared to the old equipment they were familiar with. The areas that they will need to be trained on are their team working abilities, stress and pressure courses, good communication and motivation skills and theories. This should help the employees to work together as a team which will help morale and productivity as a team that are working together and are happy will be a great asset to the company.

Crohns Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Crohns Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITION  CROHN DISEASE Introduction to Nutrition Crohn Disease Introduction Sustenance is characterized as the methods by which a creature or plant takes in and uses nourishment substances. Vital supplements incorporate protein, carb, fat, vitamins, minerals and electrolytes. Regularly, 85% of day by day vitality use is from fat and starches and 15% from protein. In people, nourishment is primarily attained through the procedure of placing sustenance’s into our mouths, biting and swallowing it. The obliged measures of the key supplements contrast by age and the state of the body, for instance: physical action, infections present (e.g. prostate disease, breast tumor or debilitated bones – known as osteoporosis), pharmaceuticals, pregnancy and lactation. Sustenance is crucial for development and advancement, and wellbeing. Consuming a solid eating methodology helps anticipating future disease and enhancing quality and length of life. Your healthful status is the state of your wellbeing as controlled by what you consume. There are a few methods for evaluating dietary status, including anthropometric (i.e. physical body estimation), sustenance admission and biochemical estimation. Your body mass list (BMI) is a great pointer of your healthful status. It considers your weight and tallness, and relates well with aggregate muscle to fat quotients communicated as a rate of body weight. The association relies on upon age, with the most astounding relationship seen in ages 26–55 years and the least in the adolescent and the elderly. On the off chance that you take your weight in kilograms and gap it by your tallness in meters squared, the figure you acquire is your BMI (American Diabetes Association 2008). What Is Crohn Disease Crohns illness, otherwise called Crohn syndrome and territorial enteritis, is a sort of incendiary gut infection (IBD) that may influence any some piece of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to butt, bringing on a wide mixed bag of manifestations. It principally causes stomach torment, looseness of the bowels (which may be grisly if aggravation is serious), heaving, or weight loss, yet might additionally cause complexities outside the gastrointestinal tract, for example, paleness, skin rashes, joint inflammation, irritation of the eye, tiredness, and absence of concentration.Crohns ailment is brought about by collaborations between ecological, immunological and bacterial components in hereditarily helpless individuals. This results in a ceaseless provocative issue, in which the bodys resistant framework strike the gastrointestinal tract conceivably coordinated at microbial antigens. While Crohns is an invulnerable related sickness, it doesnt seem, by all accounts, to be an immune system infection (in that the insusceptible framework is not being activated by the body itself). The careful underlying safe issue is not clear; in any case, it may be a safe lack state  (DHaens, et al. 2008). What are the Causes of this Disease? Crohns illness appears to be created by a blending of ecological components and hereditary predisposition. Crohns is the first hereditarily perplexing ailment in which the relationship between hereditary danger variables and the invulnerable framework is seen in extensive detail. Each individual danger transformation makes a little commitment to the general danger of Crohns (pretty nearly 1:200). The hereditary information, and immediate appraisal of resistance, demonstrates a glitch in the characteristic insusceptible system. In this view, the perpetual aggravation of Crohns is brought on when the versatile safe framework tries to adjust for an inadequate intrinsic resistant framework(Brest, et al. 2011). How do you Diagnose Crohn Disease? The judgment of Crohns ailment can here and there be challenging, and various tests are frequently needed to help the doctor in making the diagnosis. Even with a full battery of tests, it may not be conceivable to diagnose Crohns with complete sureness; a colonoscopy is roughly 70% viable in diagnosing the sickness, with further tests being less compelling. Ailment in the little gut is especially troublesome to diagnose, as a customary colonoscopy permits access to just the colon and more level segments of the small guts; presentation of the case endoscopy supports in endoscopic analysis. Multinucleated titan cells, a typical finding in the injuries of Crohns illness, are less normal in the sores of lichen nitidus (Desmond, et al. 2008). What are the Symptoms? bdominal ache may be the beginning side effect of Crohns malady. It is regularly joined by looseness of the bowels, particularly in the individuals who have had surgery. The runs could conceivably be bleeding. The way of the runs in Crohns ailment relies on upon the piece of the small digestive system or colon included. Ileitis normally brings about substantial volume, watery defecation. Colitis may bring about a littler volume of excrement of higher recurrence. Fecal consistency may go from robust to watery. In extreme cases, an individual may have more than 20 solid discharges for every day and may need to stir during the evening to defecate. Visible draining in the excrement is less basic in Crohns sickness than in ulcerative colitis, however may be seen in the setting of Crohns colitis. Bloody defecations regularly come and go, and may be brilliant or dull red in shade. In the setting of serious Crohns colitis, draining may be copious. Flatulence and bloating may additionally add to the intestinal discomfort. Manifestations brought about by intestinal stenosis are likewise regular in Crohns infection. Stomach ache is regularly most extreme in territories of the inside with stenosis. Constant spewing and queasiness may demonstrate stenosis from little entrails check or infection including the stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. Although the acquaintanceship is more amazing in the connection of ulcerative colitis, Crohns illness might likewise be connected with essential sclerosing cholangitis, a kind of aggravation of the bile ducts. Perianal distress might additionally be unmistakable in Crohns malady. Irritation or agony around the rear-end may be suggestive of aggravation, fistulization or boil around the butt-centric area or butt-centric crevice. Perianal skin labels are additionally regular in Crohns disease. Fecal incontinence may go hand in hand with perianal Crohns malady. At the inverse end of the gastrointestinal tract, the mouth may be influenced by non-mending bruises (aphthous ulcers). Infrequently, the throat, and stomach may be included in Crohns infection. These can result in manifestations including trouble swallowing (dysphagia), upper stomach agony, and regurgitating(DHaens, et al. 2008). What are the Treatments? Intense medication utilizes prescriptions to treat any contamination (regularly anti-toxins) and to diminish irritation (typically amino salicylate mitigating medications and corticosteroids). At the point when manifestations are disappearing, medicine enters upkeep, with an objective of dodging the repeat of side effects. Delayed utilization of corticosteroids has critical reactions; thus, they may be, all in all, not utilized for long haul medicine. Choices incorporate amino salicylates alone, however just a minority can keep up the medication, and numerous oblige immunosuppressive drugs. It has been likewise proposed that anti-microbial change the enteric vegetation, and their persistent utilization may represent the danger of excess with pathogens, for example, Clostridium difficile. Prescriptions used to treat the manifestations of Crohns illness incorporate 5-aminosalicylic corrosive (5-ASA) plans, prednisone, immunomodulators, for example, azathioprine (given as the prodrug for 6-mercaptopurine), methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab and natalizumab. Hydrocortisone ought to be utilized as a part of extreme strike of Crohns disease. The slow misfortune of blood from the gastrointestinal tract, and additionally interminable aggravation, regularly prompts paleness, and expert rules propose routinely checking for this. Adequate malady control typically enhances sickliness of constant infection, yet press insufficiency may oblige medication with iron supplements. Rules change regarding how iron ought to be managed. Some exhort parenteral iron as first line as it works speedier, has fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, and is unaffected by irritation decreasing enteral assimilation (Brest, et al. 2011). What other Problems Caused by Crohn Disease? Crohns infection may prompt one or a greater amount of the accompanying inconveniences: Bowel Obstruction Crohns malady influences the thickness of the intestinal divider. About whether, parts of the inside can thicken and restricted, which may hinder the stream of digestive substance through the influenced some piece of your digestive system. A few cases oblige surgery to evacuate the infected share of your gut. Ulcer Incessant aggravation can prompt open bruises (ulcers) anyplace in your digestive tract, including your mouth and rear-end, and in the genital zone (perineum) and rear-end. Fistulas Some of the time ulcers can augment totally through the intestinal divider, making a fistula — an unusual association between distinctive parts of your digestive tract, between your digestive system and skin, or between your digestive tract and an alternate organ, for example, the bladder or vagina. At the point when interior fistulas create, nourishment may sidestep zones of the gut that are fundamental for ingestion. An outer fistula can result in consistent seepage of inside substance to your skin, and in a few cases, a fistula may get tainted and structure a ulcer, an issue that could be life-debilitating if left untreated. Fistulas around the butt-centric region (perianal) are the most widely recognized sort of fistulas (Desmond, et al. 2008). How to Prevent Crohn Disease? Crohns sickness, a sort of provocative gut infection, is an interminable issue that cant be completely anticipated or cured. Since the manifestations of Crohns illness show up as short, intense flare-ups, it may be useful to comprehend approaches to keep Crohns malady and decrease the seriousness of the co-partnered side effects. Crohns Disease, otherwise called incendiary gut illness, avoidance methodologies can help to deal with the manifestations and decrease the shots of backslide. Instructions to Prevent Crohns Disease: Reduce push on the digestive tract by having little, visit dinners. It is better to consume 5-6 little suppers in a day than 2-3 expansive dinners. Adopt a low fiber, however generally adjusted eating methodology. An eating methodology high in fiber may disturb excited intestinal dividers. Eat ready bananas, fruits, curd, and pureed vegetables since they help to keep up ideal intestinal greenery. Eliminate wheat, wheat items, and lactose-holding sustenance’s from your eating methodology. Despite the fact that wiping out these nourishments does not straightforwardly straightforwardness the manifestations of Crohns illness, it wills simplicity the side effects of heartburn and bloating. Because anxiety can exacerbate the indications of Crohns ailment, unwinding strategies, for example, yoga, reflection, and moderate breathing may be useful. Avoid stimulants like tobacco and juice, practice normally, keep up an inspirational disposition, and get sufficient slumber to help keep Crohn disease (Krzystek, t al. 2010). Lifestyle Changes Certain lifestyle progressions can lessen indications, including dietary alterations, basic eating regimen, fitting hydration, and smoking end. Smoking may build Crohns infection; halting is suggested. Consuming little suppers much of the time rather than enormous dinners might likewise help with a low hunger. To oversee side effects have an adjusted eating methodology with legitimate bit control. Weakness can benefit from outside intervention with general work out, a sound eating regimen, and enough rest. A sustenance journal may help with recognizing nourishments that trigger manifestations. Some individuals ought to take after a low dietary fiber eating regimen to control manifestations particularly if stringy nourishments cause symptoms. Some discover help in disposing of casein (protein found in cows milk) and gluten (protein found in wheat, rye and grain) from their eating regimens. They may have particular dietary intolerances (not unfavorable susceptibilities)(DHaens, et al. 2008). Food that may help Ease the Crohn Symptoms? The sustenance’s that you put into your body can have an effect on the seriousness of your Crohns manifestations. Crohns patients distinguish different nourishments as triggers, and others as sustenance’s that help straightforwardness indications. In any case, both triggers and force nourishments are exceptionally variable and individual in their articulation what works for one man may not work for another person, or may even exacerbate indications. Few of them are as follows: Yogurt Live-society yogurt might be an incredible nourishment to consume on the off chance that you experience the ill effects of Crohns illness. The probiotics in this type of yogurt can help in helping with recuperation of the digestive system. Oily Fish Slick fish, for example, salmon, fish, and herring may help with some of your Crohns manifestations. Food Vegetables An eating regimen holding a lot of foods grown from the ground can help make manifestations less extreme. On the off chance that, on the other hand, you find that crude tree grown foods compound an erupt, try unsweetened fruit purà ©e and bananas a try. Cooked Carrots For some Crohns patients, carrots might be an extraordinary vegetable for getting your fill of supplements without disturbing indications. Throughout a Crohns erupt; make certain to cook the carrots until theyre delicate and delicate, as cooked carrots arent just simple to process. Cereals In the event that you experience the ill effects of Crohns, you may think that it accommodating to maintain a strategic distance from cereals that are high in fiber, particularly entire wheat or entire grain grains. Nonetheless, there are sure oats with low measures of fiber that will help you get your nourishing prerequisites. These incorporate refined oats, for example, Cream of Wheat, and dry grains, for example, Special K, Corn Flakes, and Rice Krispies(American Diabetes Association 2008). What % of People has Crohn Disease n U.A.E? Crohns Disease is an incendiary sickness of the digestion tracts that may influence any a piece of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the butt. Crohns Disease influences roughly one in 1500 people in the UAE, influencing somewhat more ladies than men. Youngsters between the ages of 20 and 35 are most influenced, and once you have it, you will dependably have it, despite the fact that the signs and indications may change about whether in their earnestness. Specialists have voiced the need to push mindfulness and understanding of the sickness, as patients frequently experience the ill effects of their indications in quiet for dread of humiliation. Indications of Crohns Disease incorporate stomach torment, ulcers, crevices, and looseness of the bowels, blood and bodily fluid in the stools. Sufferers likewise report feeling the need to go to the lavatory however having nothing to pass. A general feeling of being unwell having a misfortune of hunger, fever and tiredness is likewise regular (Krzystek, t al. 2010). Conclusion Mucosal mending is turning into the standard for evaluating remedial adequacy in Crohns ailment. Endoscopic assessment and cross-sectional radiographic imaging are the two generally utilized modalities as of now available to us for evaluating malady action. Endoscopic assessment will dependably have a vital part because of the open door to biopsy and perform remedial intercessions. Be that as it may, less obtrusive cross-sectional imaging gives lovely pictures of the gut and encompassing tissues that loan astonishing knowledge into illness pathology. The eventual fate of imaging is in tackling the tremendous capability of the methods to evaluate infection pathology as they reflect aggravation and fibrosis, and to utilize that data to foresee illness course and expect confusions. This will permit another time of better nurture provocative inside malady patients, wherein the utilization of intense biotic helps is guided by imaging notwithstanding patient side effects (Krzystek, t al. 2 010). References American Diabetes Association. (2008). Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes A position statement of the American Diabetes Association.Diabetes care,31(Supplement 1), S61-S78. Retrieved: http://www.wsjsw.gov.cn:8089/gate/big5/care.diabetesjournals.org/content/31/Supplement_1/S61.full.pdf DHaens, G., Baert, F., Van Assche, G., Caenepeel, P., Vergauwe, P., Tuynman, H., Hommes, D. (2008). Early combined immunosuppression or conventional management in patients with newly diagnosed Crohns disease: an open randomised trial.The Lancet,371(9613), 660-667. Retrieved: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)60304-9/fulltext Brest, P., Lapaquette, P., Souidi, M., Lebrigand, K., Cesaro, A., Vouret-Craviari, V., Hofman, P. (2011). A synonymous variant in IRGM alters a binding site for miR-196 and causes deregulation of IRGM-dependent xenophagy in Crohns disease.Nature genetics,43(3), 242-245. Retrieved: http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v43/n3/full/ng.762.html%3FWT.ec_id%3DNG-201103 Desmond, A. N., O’Regan, K., Curran, C., McWilliams, S., Fitzgerald, T., Maher, M. M., Shanahan, F. (2008).Crohn’s disease: factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation.Gut,57(11), 1524-1529. Retrieved: http://gut.bmj.com/content/57/11/1524.short Krzystek-Korpacka, M., Neubauer, K., Matusiewicz, M. (2010).Circulating midkine in Crohns disease: Clinical implications.Inflammatory bowel diseases,16(2), 208-215. Retrieved: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ibd.21011/full

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Well guys, we've made it. We've made it through four years of one of the most highly involved times in our lives. We've seen all, we've done all, and at this point in the year, most of us have probably had enough of it all. If you think about it, four school years is really a long time. four years of high school is equal to 720 school days, 4,320 class periods, and if you're a busy guy like me and you tend to count things by the minute, then it might surprise you to know that we've been in class for about 237,600 minutes. Class of 2006- are you ready to graduate? There's a term I like to use to describe our high school experience: metamorphosis. As high schoolers, we metamorphosize; we change over the course of four years. We start as nothing and eventually we become something. When Terrace's doors opened in the fall of '98, we were not the same class that we are today. Something happened to us. Something made us change. That something was our hard work. It helped us to develop our talents, to accomplish great things, and to become the unique individuals that we are today. What, do you think that Brandon Gibbs began freshmen year as a varsity basketball player and a top runner? Did Mat Montgomery just walk into the school one day prepared to lead the Jazz 1 trumpet section? Would Sarah Abel, Keola Awana, and Chris Potts have been ready to serve on the top positions in ASB our freshmen year? What about guys like David Johanes and Tim Lehman, two of our great bowlers here at MTHS? Have you ever heard of an all-freshmen sports team winning state? I haven't. Four years ago, before I had anchored for morning announcements, I could not have imagined myself speaking to thousands of people. I would have been too scared to get up o... ...g. We have always been a diverse group and naturally, we will go on to different places next year. Class of '06 will enroll in as many schools and work in as many jobs as the variety of people that we come in. But one thing is for sure, and that is we have finally reached the end of our metamorphosis. We are at the final stage now and tomorrow, we will all head off to live very different lives. I myself will be going to the University of Washington next fall. Tonight, we will cease to be Terrace Hawks. Tonight, we will step out of our cocoons, and become new people. Tonight many of us will become Huskies. Others will become Cougars, Trojans, Tritons, Bulldogs, Vikings, and Dolphins. Tonight, we have transformed into the hard-working college student. Tonight, after four years, we have finally metamorphosized. Dunbar Class of 2006, the world is ours, let's go get it!

Does Islam Cause Violence in the Middle East? Essay -- Islam, religion

Since the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, a large focus of the Western Powers, like the United States, has been on the Middle East. Out of this has come a conclusion that this area of the world is prone to be more violent than other parts and this is largely to due to the Islamic religion. This the West has concluded in large part through observation coupled with some qualitative data. However, is this an adequate assertion of the area, and of the religion of Islam? To begin various types of violence will be explored quantitatively and qualitatively to see if there is a difference in the level of violence seen in the Middle East as compared to Western States. Once it has been determined if there exists a difference in the amount of violence in the Middle East, as compared to Western States, it than shall be explored to see what role Islam may play in it. Comparing Violence It has been assumed that while the rest of the world appears to be seeing decreasing levels of violence, it appears the Middle East has yet to experience this same trend. By just watching the news or reading the paper, it has appeared that in the past couple of decades there have been either an increase in violence in the Middle East. In addition, it has also appeared that certain types of violence that the West has not experienced for some time still exist within the region. The question this raises then, is the Middle East more violent? On the other hand, is this nothing more than Islamophobia? To find the correct answer both a quantitative and qualitative approach will be taken. Through this patterns should emerge that will lead to answer whether are not the Middle East is more prone to violence than other Western States (Pinker, 20... ...s Office on Drugs and Crime. (2013). UNODC Homicide Statistics. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/homicide.html This publication is put out by the United Nations and its office on Drug and Crime. The purpose of this publication is straight forward. It is to the homicide rates of each State. The data is collected by various agencies, some associated with the United Nations and some not. This document is easy to read and to understand. It serves the purpose in which it was created by showing the homicide rates nearly all the States in the world. The underlying issue with it is that not all the data is complete. When it comes to Western, developed, States the data is complete. However, when it comes to less developed states, it is not. This can causes issues if someone is looking for patterns or comparing regions.

Difficulties of Parenting Essay

Every day thousands and thousands of adults around the world experience the happiness and challenges of becoming new parents. Every generation goes through the period of having to raise its children to adulthood. Even though parenthood has a great deal of positive points for the mother and father, it is probably the most difficult task that they will take on in their lives. Being a good parent requires a great deal of effort in many different areas throughout a child’s life, and being able to successfully manage all those areas is what makes parenthood so demanding. The actual process of physically raising an infant is probably the most difficult task for a parent. When a child is born, it is completely helpless and needs constant attention to all its needs. Parents must constantly feed it, clean it, and always pay constant attention to their new child since it is completely dependent on them. Finding the right foods, cloths, and other necessary items such as diapers and baby bottles might look easy, but they are quite difficult and require a great deal of time and attention. Picking the wrong baby formula can cause a baby to get sick, and finding the correct size for baby cloths can be quite difficult. Also, since there are many different variations and brands for everything babies need, parents will usually find it hard to decide what the right product is for their child. For example, finding the perfect car seat for a baby becomes a big challenge when the parents must choose between at least twenty similar brands. As the child grows up, new challenges are created for the parents. One of the most important parts of raising a child is to teach it morals and discipline. Many times parents find it difficult to decide when and how to teach a child a certain thing. For example, parents must show that lying and cheating are not good, but many are unable to explain the negative results of these actions. Also, many families have environments where children see their parents doing many of the bad things that they showed their children to be wrong. Therefore, another difficult task for parents is to create a positive home setting that is based on what they teach their children. Also, parents must find a way to discipline their children without causing fear in them. Some children are more difficult that others for teaching discipline, but parents must be careful not to be too forceful with them but, at the  same time, be able to gain their full respect. The many stresses of raising a child can have a strong impact on the parents through the years, and learning to adjust to the new stresses of life is quite important but difficult for parents to do. Financially, the cost of living becomes much higher for the parents, and they realize that they must find new ways to adjust their lives in order to make ends meet. They will eventually have to give up on many things that they used to do such as going to expensive restaurants and yearly trips out of town. Parents always want the best for their children and many times must find ways to help their children get over the many hurdles such as school work, peer pressure, and other things that may cause a child to lose its confidence. In this way parents go through the same stresses that their children go through, and the long years of continuous stress will have a lasting effect on the parents. Finally, one of the more difficult realities that parents face is the loss of their freedom and free time. They realize that the daily walks together become more and more difficult. They will have a lot fewer romantic dinners together. Instead, they will be spending more time at home with the children or, at best, in a family restaurant with the rest of the families with children. At first, accepting this reality will be a difficult task for the parents. As time goes by, they adapt to the new environment. However, many men and women go through periods of depression in their late 30’s and 40’s due to the fact that they feel like they have lost a big portion of their younger times raising their children and are no longer able to enjoy life as they did before. It is another sacrifice that all parents make for their children. Clearly, having children and raising them to the best of their abilities are goal of most parents. However, accomplishing this goal is probably the most difficult challenge of their lives. It takes a great deal of energy, both physically and emotionally, to turn an infant into an adult, and it all comes at a big cost and sacrifice for the parents. As they raise their children, parents learn as much as their children about life. In a way, they grow with their children in their own ways through the good and the often  difficult times.

Management: Hamburger and Traditional Dishes Essay

Questions 1. What opportunities and threats did McDonald’s face? How did it handle them? What alternatives could it have chosen? Ans: Opportunities: This wonderful phrase echoes around the world 50 million times a day, in 30,000 locations, in multitude of languages, in more than 120 countries around the globe. And this simple thought sums up the reason McDonald’s has become the best known and most popular quick service restaurant around the world, quite a tribute to Ray Kroc, who founded this company nearly 50 years ago with the simple vision expressed by his phrase ‘Take good care of those who work for you, and you will float to greatness on their achievements’ Threats: The threats to McDonald’s domestically are the lack of growth opportunities. The market is well saturated, and it would difficult to achieve double-digit growth. Other concerns are a newfound emphasis on healthier eating. But I feel the key threat to McDonald’s continued success. Because McDonald’s are everywhere, the dining experience is never special. And as Baby Boomers age and become more affluent, it is likely that they will leave behind their fast-food ways, if only to step up to moderately priced restaurants like Olive Garden, KFC and Pizzeria Uno. These chains have the added advantage of serving higher-margin alcoholic drinks. McDonald’s, meanwhile, has to continually battle Burger King and Wendy’s, which leads to an erosion of margins for everyone. Even alliances with toy manufacturers, while popular with consumers, do little for the bottom line because the cost to run these promotions can be quite expensive. How to handle them: McDonald’s faces some difficult challenges, the best solutions for them are: * Key to its future success will be maintaining its core strengths. * Unwavering focus on quality and consistency. * McDonald’s management organized a successful plan and also implement the plan. * McDonalds should provide traditional dishes. * The company could also look into expanding more aggressively abroad where the prospects for significant growth are greater. * McDonalds should distribute free sample in different offices and colleges. Alternatives: * McDonald’s is actively trying to reduce their negative impact on the environment by altering their company policies. * They have the ability to add healthier lines of food. * McDonalds should provide bonus to his employees for better performance. * McDonalds should decrease its prices in that country where per capita is very low. * McDonalds provide traditional dishes to their customers. 3. What is McDonald’s basic philosophy? How does it enforce this philosophy and adapt to different environments? Ans: McDonald’s main philosophy is to be the major player in the food services around the world. It achieves this philosophy by its highly professional management which keeps an eye on everything. Their planning and strategies are more customer driven then advertisement and moreover their food is what gives them edge over others. The management provides food according to the demand of its customer and its environment. For example: for Muslim countries their menu is according to their religious laws, for Japan where burgers are a snack, McDonald’s provide them accordingly. 4. Should McDonald’s expand its menu? If you say no, then why not? If you say yes, what kinds of products should it add? Ans: Yes, According to my view, McDonald’s satisfies the whole concept of fast food. It provides a vast range of edibles starting from different sort of burgers, snacks, different coffees, milkshakes, ice creams, pastas and even pizzas but it also provide some type of traditional dishes so that the people which do not likes these things will enjoy the traditional ones. 5. Why is McDonald’s successful in many countries around the world? Ans: In the present day – we all lead a very hectic lifestyle cramping our lives with endless things to do and accomplish. Gone are the days when meals were cooked and served in households three times a day, instead, the youth live on pre-cooked micro waved meals and fast food. We want food and we want it fast. This was essence for the rise of McDonald’s. Another reason is that McDonald’s management contributed for this huge success. It perform all five managerial skills very well and efficiently. They started from scratch but they are now a great player in food services. Their food, management , advertisement, pucks, highly equipped franchises(having sofas, chairs, Wi-Fi connections, etc) all make them best in the market and they stand out by giving edge now to its competitors in every respect.

Coca Cola Company Case Study

Date: 22/10/2012 The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational business organisation founded in the late 1890’s in Georgia, USA. Its main focus is selling soft drinks and is especially famous for its first soft drink, after which is named, Coca-Cola. The first product was patented in 1887 and registered as a trademark in 1893. By 1895 it was sold in the whole USA and since then has been expanding around the world (The Coca-Cola Company, Product Descriptions). Throughout its history it has been subject to a lot of criticism for its various practices and has enjoyed incredible success.The organisations main strength it’s the fact that it is the most recognised product worldwide. Part of that recognition can be attributed to the fact that The Coca-Cola Company localizes its products and advertising campaigns, which has been highly successful. Coca-Cola has been credited with forming the modern image of Father Christmas as a jolly, old bearded man, dressed in red. (Coca-Cola at home) The main goal of all the campaigns has been that people choose the soft drink as their favoured beverage, a mission that has been greatly accomplished in many areas.Another advantage of the company is that it also has different headquarters in each country, giving it the ability to dictate all campaigns and give ideas on products. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 2:Â  A global and local strategy). Also the company is always trying to expand its range of products, focusing on beverages, but not only soft drinks as it sells juice, water, energy drinks and squashes as well. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 4:Â  The corporate segment -Head Office).Coca-Cola is normally associated with the United States of America, mainly because of its patriotic advertisements that were then exported to other countries. It has a dominant role in modern popular culture, with mass media references and even films containing the company ’s name in the title. Coca-Cola has such an effect on culture, that it is sometimes considered a sign that someone is richer or higher class if they drink more Coca-Cola than others.The company has proven very popular, despite the facts that most of the company’s products are unhealthy. Coca-Cola’s main ingredient is sugar. As a lot of the marketing is aimed at young people, the fact that products are unhealthy has sparked a bit of controversy, seeing as there is a lot of aggressive marketing towards young people. This is usually in the form of sponsorships to high school in the form of sports facilities or funds. In return the company is allowed to sell its products in the schools, thus attracting people from an early age.Also there are accusations of children working for the company in sweat shops and not giving adequate healthcare, whilst not complying to workers right and destroying trade unions through rough ways (The Globalization of Coca-Cola) One of Coca -colas main external features that keep it favoured is that it maintains a very good relationship with its bottlers. In contradiction to common knowledge, it is not the company that actually bottles and distributes its products. Instead they only make the basic syrup and ingredients in concentrate and then sell them to bottlers and from there they end up with distributors..This is a example of how the business adhere to its ‘culture’ as it tries to promote teamwork, by allying itself with other companies. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 5:Â  Structure and culture). This is helpful in many ways as it creates good connections with many businesses, making the Coca-Cola products much more sought after and popular with vendors, shops, supermarkets. There are some external problems though. After endorsing Israel, the company lost its popularity in the Middle East and was heavily boycotted. This gave competitors a chance to swoop in and they a re now dominating those markets.Also, another problem with the company is that its products, however big role they play in popular culture, aren't considered essential. So if a country’s economy is weak, it is inevitable that the beverages market is going to fall quite steeply. Another factor is that there are many cheap substitutes for their products, which, while not international, can prove to be strong competition in local markets, as many of them promote the fact that they are local, while Coca-Cola retains its American image and the majority of them are cheaper. REFERENCES * Coca-Cola at home, http://xroads. virginia. du/~CLASS/coke/coke1. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:00 * The Coca-Cola Company, Product Descriptions, http://www. virtualvender. coca-cola. com/ft/index. jsp, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 18:10 * The Globalization of Coca-Cola, https://segue. atlas. uiuc. edu/index. php? action=site;site=estensl2;section=4052;page=13292, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:0 5 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 2:Â  A global and local strategy, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/a-global-and-local-strategy. tml, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:10 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 4:Â  The corporate segment -Head Office, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/the-corporate-segment-head-office. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:13 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 5:Â  Structure and culture, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/structure-and-culture. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:15

Key Success Factors of fast food Essay

Success in the fast food industry requires mastery of different key competitive factors. Fast food entrepreneurs must emphasize on creating strong brand, improving operation efficiency, increasing speed and convenience. By paying attention and investing more on these elements of the business they can strengthen their competitive position in the market and make profit Branding KFC, Republic of Korea’s Lotteria, Jollibee are examples of extremely successful fast food branding. Their signs, logos and slogans are recognizable around the world. Customers of fast food want to know exactly what they are going to get before they actually have experience. Businesses try to provide consistent, easily recognizable and simple branding to reassure customers that nothing has changed. Simple slogans that lodge themselves in the brain are repeated endlessly on television and radio commercials, ensuring that when customers see the fast food outlet, they are primed to respond because the brand is already â€Å"inside† of them. Ranking brand names of fast food is showed on the Appendix A However, that is also the reason that makes domestic fast food business in Vietnam hard to compete and strongly develop. Kinh Do, Hy Lam Mon, Duc Phat, VietMac and the ABC that have not recognized brand names have many obstacle in domestic market. Pomchai thuratum – the manager of KFC in Vietnam said â€Å"I don’t think that international fast food is better than Vietnamese food but I’m sure that customers come with us because of brand. Sitting in Vietnam and eating American food. We are better because of our marketing campaign going along with brand†. (taichinh.vnexpress.net) Location Choosing location is very important. It should be in places that are easy to be identified like high-traffic areas to be convenient for buyers to come. Fast food isn’t considered a destination; customers won’t travel into the countryside for a bag of fries in the same way that they would for a special restaurant experience. By locating outlets in shopping malls and on busy commercial strips, fast food companies gain business and impulse purchases from customers who had no preplanned patronage of the restaurant. It is easy to find any fast food restaurants in big cities, supermarkets in Vietnam such as in Diamond Plaza, Parkson; ZenPlaza, Co-op Mart, Maximart, Big C and Metro. And fast food restaurants are opened more and more. After nearly 15 years of operating in Viet Nam, KFC has opened nearly 130 stores. Lotteria is also on the race with more than 120 stores. Lotteria has also made changes to catch up with the new habits of local clientele. They are opening stores that have large spaces and installing computers that have access to the internet. Pizza Hut now has 26 stores, located in Vietnam. ( vietnamnews.vn) Speed Nowadays, in the developing-country as Vietnam, people are always busy with their work, their children, so they don’t much time for preparing traditional meals and so Fast food is their best choice. According to a survey, 36 % people like fast food because it saves their time (Tieu luan Fast food). Of course, as its name, fast food industry strongly focus on delivery food as quick as possible and this makes customers satisfied with this kind of service. Setting up efficient and standardized kitchens and focusing on foods that can be cooked quickly are two of the ways that McDonald’s became so successful in this competitive industry, according to Business Week. Many people grab fast food on the way to work or to another destination. With people who work in office, sometime they have no time to go out for a lunch. They can eat fast food in their office. With students, they can use fast food in their school, in their break- time with their friends. Efficiency Fast food restaurants run on thin profit margins and make their money by selling lots of product, In this commercial environment, functioning efficiently is critical. This means minimizing food waste, hiring help at minimum wage and benefiting from economies of scale when purchasing supplies. Every dollar that is unnecessarily spent on operations is a dollar subtracted from profits. Because of high employee turnover in the industry, training for new employees need to be standardized, rapid and effective. Speed is another reason that fast food is considered as a efficient industry. The faster a restaurant can deliver the ordered food, the more labor costs they can save and the more space for other customers. â€Å"Fast food market heats up† http://vietnamnews.vn/Economy/231760/boom-time-for-foreign-fast-food.html 2009 â€Å"Tieu luan Fast food†, 2011 http://www.kilobooks.com/threads/12981-Fast-food Jagg Xaxx, Demand Media Key Elements of Success in the Fast Food Industry http://smallbusiness.chron.com/key-elements-success-fast-food-industry-24913.html http://taichinh.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/the-gioi/2012/12/kfc-lotteria-jollibee-chiem-linh-thi-truong-fastfood-viet-26006/

Business Ethics Case Study Information Technology Essay

Business Ethics Case Study Information Technology Essay   Many people believe that the World Wide Web can offer a great deal of anonymity and security from censorship but, they are dead wrong. Governments, the intelligence machinery, legal structures and any other relevant bodies can access information, censor, examine and even trace materials on the web because they have been granted the subpoena powers. These powers allow the aforementioned bodies to comb through computer servers in search of the identity of the person that created a specific file in question. People may see this as the infringement of their rights to privacy, however, threats posed by cyber criminals necessitate this ‘invasion of privacy’. In June 2000, a software program called Publius was created and launched. This program has the capacity to encrypt files into secret codes which are then, in effect, scattered all over the World Wide Web. This encrypting of published files by the software made the use of the subpoena powers granted to government and r elevant bodies almost irrelevant because anyone wanting to trace the origin of a particular file to be censored or, examine the contents of a specific file must have the help of the person that created the files, in order to decode the files’ encryption. Because of its ability to effectively ‘hide’ files on the internet, the software came as a relief to people who felt that their right to privacy was being infringed upon and they welcomed the software as they felt it could enhance their freedom of expression on the web. The software definitely promotes the anonymity of people using web resources but, one question that arises is why would anyone with so-called ‘good intentions’ want to remain anonymous? It is the criminals, terrorists, child pornographers and cyber stalkers who would like to remain anonymous and who, arguably, could benefit the most from this type of web encryption. The creators of the software aimed at helping people in repressive re gimes where freedom of expression was being curtailed but, the software is also being marketed in countries that do not have repressive elements. Is the marketing of this software really ethical? One may argue that the software benefits people whose privacy is being threatened but, looking at the other side of the coin, there are also losers in this debate. To determine whether it is ethical to market this software, it is important to look at the utilitarian ethical theory. What is utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the moral worth of any action can only be determined by its usefulness or utility. This utility is judged by the ability of the action to provide happiness and pleasure to the majority. Simply put, the theories hold that the moral worth of an action is determinable by its outcome. Utilitarianism is also refereed to as the greatest happiness principle and it focuses on the ability of an action to provide the greatest good to the greatest n umber of people (Lyons, 1995). Thus, the guiding principle in utilitarianism is the maximization of the good whether it be measured by individuals, the society or the government. Utilitarianism provides a code that determines the worth of public actions and even personal actions. If an action is bound to create significant harm to a bigger percentage of the society, then utilitarianism holds that that action has no moral worth and therefore reductionist policies or intervention measures need to be put in place to mitigate or prevent that harm. If an action is bound to benefit a larger percentage of the society, then that action is said to be ethical and has moral worth from a utilitarian view point. An action may be moral and even in accordance with the law but if that action does not benefit the majority; it is unethical from a utilitarian point of view. On the other hand, an action may be immoral and even against the law but if it serves public good by benefiting the majority, the n that action is ethical (Lyons, 1995).

LOG503 MOD 5 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LOG503 MOD 5 SLP - Essay Example Logistics Structure of Frito Lay The logistics process of Frito- Lay is carried out in six geographical zones and is quite complex in nature. The channel of distribution is quite an essential element for the organization. It has been observed that in the logistic department Frito-Lay engages women and minorities which facilitates in development and growth of the organization. A Supplier Diversity Program was established in 1983 in order to supply better quality of products and services through diverse suppliers at competitive prices. The program has permitted the organization to maintain proactivity through the development of communities in economic sphere. This comprehensive strategy enables the organization to integrate the operations with supply chain department for assisting suppliers and distributors to handle and deliver products within a stipulated time period. With the incorporation of women and minority groups in business activities, effective productivity can be ensured lea ding to greater sales and profitability. It enables the organization to gain competitive advantage in order to propagate effective results in business. Minority groups as well as women assist in building grater supplier base for smooth functioning of product deliverance in wider markets nationally as well as globally. Effective supply chain stimulates organizational effectiveness and enhances sales through efficient logistics systems. The Supplier Diversity Program is enabling to maintain effective supply chain activities and it also helps Woman Owned Business Enterprises (MWBEs) in various divisions of PepsiCo (Frito-Lay North America, 2013). Furthermore, in terms of the other crucial components in the logistics structure of Frito-Lays, it can be recognized that it follows an incorporated outbound supply chain based activities. It aims to optimize the transportation as well as inventory decisions. Moreover, there are a number of distribution centers of the company on a global basis which provide required amount of products to the retail outlets on time. Through the process of supply chain optimization, key performance indicators in the logistics process of the company are looked after by a number of teams. It facilitates to reduce the amount of travel required by vehicles to reach out to their desired destinations. Superior technologies are used within the process of implementing best practices in the logistics related activities. Strategic sequencing technique is used streamline the sales which facilitates to reduce travel distance (Transport Canada, 2010). Improving the Logistics Process of Frito Lay It has been recognized that Frito- Lay’s logistics activities consist of outbound activities in the supply chain management that stimulate the transportation and inventory decisions. The logistic processes also include the delivery of products through trucks in an efficient manner. The organization possesses efficient information technology process throu gh which the shipment of products, availability of raw materials and the level of inventory are effectively handled at any point of time. With relation to the learning obtained during the course, it can be recognized that despite having efficient informa

Tort Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tort Law Master - Case Study Example Mr. Andrews could be implicated with "legal liability for a failure to act."3 As with regards to Mr. Andrews, he first had an obligation to Mr. Brown that he would treat him fairly as he would any of his other investors. This duty of care is evidenced in the following case. "In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, Lord Atkin recognized that the existing examples of duties to take care could be seen as aspects of a single tort[whereas i]n Anns v Merton [1978] AC 728, Lord Wilberforce stated [the single, universal test for the duty of care in negligence arose] on the basis of 'neighbourhood,' unless there was some distinct reason to deny a duty."6 Mr. Andrews next breached the obligation to be fair to Mr. Brown by acting in a manner inconsistent with the way a responsible managing director of a company normally would. Mr. Andrews's third and fourth causes of action were that his conduct was the cause of harm, and did harm Mr. Brown. Mr. Andrews was clearly at fault, according to the Law Reform Act of 1945 which states that "[Fault is . . .] negligence, breach of statutory duty or other act or omission which gives rise to a liability in tort."7 Consequentially, as a result of this negligence, Mr. ... Mr. Andrews next breached the obligation to be fair to Mr. Brown by acting in a manner inconsistent with the way a responsible managing director of a company normally would. Mr. Andrews's third and fourth causes of action were that his conduct was the cause of harm, and did harm Mr. Brown. Mr. Andrews was clearly at fault, according to the Law Reform Act of 1945 which states that "[Fault is . . .] negligence, breach of statutory duty or other act or omission which gives rise to a liability in tort."7 Consequentially, as a result of this negligence, Mr. Brown's surviving relatives could sue for "pain and suffering," which would include the "mental and emotional trauma which are recoverable as elements of damage in torts."8 Damages would be determined by the judge. With regards to the second case, there are several tort issues that come up. "Tortsinclude all wrongs of commission to rights in tangible matter, wrongs to rights in the body, life, liberty and security, and wrongs to rights in tangible property, its possession and exclusive control."9 Mr. Orange, if he survives the automobile accident, is liable not only in situation of having robbed the bank, but additionally would face charges due to having injured Mr. White in the process of robbing the bank. Not only this, but Mr. Brown could sue Mr. Orange for recklessness and subsequent damages sustained from the car accident that ensued following the robbery. Thus, Mr. Orange is in a great deal of trouble. Not only does he incur liability for robbing a bank, but in the process of committing that crime, he injured two people. As such, if he does survive, Mr. Orange

WRITE A PROFILE ON ONE OF YOUR FRIEND ON A SOCIAL NETWORK Essay

WRITE A PROFILE ON ONE OF YOUR FRIEND ON A SOCIAL NETWORK - Essay Example I think perhaps it is her lively character that serves the chief ground for her becoming a national motor club representative. Irina tells me this is not the kind of stuff she is into much but it motivates her to find out that majority of people appreciate the way she is. Of course, the club has still made her go through certain struggles due to human imperfections. Nevertheless, she acknowledges at heart this truth in nature and proceeds to earn more trust and respect so she can go about an increasingly remarkable performance every time. To this point, I could not help wondering how life would treat me if there is no such friend as Irina Ward with whom to share life’s topsy-turvy yet fulfilling quest for inner beauty. At 45, being a mother of four must have been a mundane task but Irina is the type who grows fondly in love with her kids and discovers in each of them a huge bundle of joy to keep her going at work and elsewhere. This is something which my friend would not tire or may not be kept from sharing to people within her circle of influence including myself. For Irina, the precious moments of living are not really worth too dear a cost to die for. In a child’s delightful eyewink or in plain yet eager hugs from her little ones, she knows and feels that love truly speaks to the soul to create the brightest of

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Research Proposal Example This sentiment is supported by Van Belle (2000) who argues that political figures within a government structure are pressured to make socially-relevant decisions within the constant presence of the camera, hence media serving as a force to drive political transparency in decision-making and communications. Without media serving as a medium for educating political thought and providing society members with knowledge regarding the behaviors of political representatives, the public would have inferior knowledge about governance activities and political decision-making. In the early 2000s, after the events of September 11, 2001, political ideology in American society changed as a result of media coverage of the George W. Bush political administration and its efforts to curb the spread of terrorism in the United States. In Western nations, such as the United States, the slaughter of civilians is believed, at the social level, to be barbaric and monstrous (Atawneh, 2009). The acting President Bush led a media-driven campaign to publicize his stance on terrorism which emphasized that these terrorist actors were evil and reprehensible, with this discourse influencing American society members to view Middle Easterns as malevolent and immoral (Graham, Keenan & Dowd, 2004). The President, using media as a forum to spread this politically-motivated ideology, utilized the phrase us versus them, where â€Å"us† was representative of peaceful individuals and â€Å"them† as foreign opponents of democratic lifestyle and peace-loving society (Leuda r & Marsland, 2004). Media coverage of Bush’s ideology toward terrorism influenced American society to adopt his political views related to the terror campaign, giving Bush more social clout which ultimately led to society’s political action to elect Bush for a second term. The media, hence, served as the fundamental influence to change political thought of American citizens, with media-covered political rhetoric