Factors That Influence Early Childhood Education Programs...

â€Å"Reflection on Some Major Factors That Influence Early Childhood Education Programs† The purpose of this paper is to discuss major factors that I feel influence early childhood programs toady. This paper reflects issues that I have faced during my years of teaching in early childhood as well as other issues discussed with other teachers and findings from articles on this matter. A Brief Description of Early Childhood Education â€Å"Early childhood education is a broad term used to describe any type of educational program that serves children in their preschool years, before they are of legal age to enter kindergarten. Early childhood education may consist of any number of activities and experiences designed to aid in the cognitive and social development of preschoolers before they enter elementary school. How and where early childhood education is provided can be very different from one state, or even one program, to the next. Early childhood education programs may be designed for three-, four-, or five-year olds, and they may be provided in childcare, daycare, nursery school, preschool, or pre-kindergarten settings† (http://www.preschoolteacher.org/what-is-early-childhood-education/). Budget One of the major influence in a childhood program is budget. In the area that I am currently working we have faced budget cuts from the Head Start program this year due to layoffs from our mining industry and families moving to find jobs. This year in Mingo County (where I amShow MoreRelatedThis Chapter Will Provide The Theoretical Framework For1281 Words   |  6 Pagesgrounded in several universal theories. The scope and backdrop of the research study is based on Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory, Epstein’s Home, School, and Community Topology and National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Most of psychological and sociological research uses Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to understand human development within the contextRead MoreAustralian Government Policies, Initiatives And Legislative Requirements1075 Words   |  5 Pagesand legislative requirements and analyse how these documents influence curriculum, promote quality care and support the achievement of high quality outcomes for young children in Early Learning contexts. Introduction 200 words l Overview of the situation and identification of key issues. In 2012, the National Quality Framework (NQF) was introduced by the Australian Government and subsequently applied to majority of children’s education and care services. The framework is used to ensure the wellbeingRead MoreSchool Wide Achievement Effects On Children1621 Words   |  7 Pagesof early childhood education program, because that is the most critical time for your child and you want them to get a better start in school and life going forward. In this paper we look at multiple studies done regarding ECE programs. Some of them followed people onto adult while others just did to elementary school. This study was done by people at the University of Missouri. By doing this study they were trying to see how much school-wide achievement effects the relationship between early childhoodRead MoreEssay on Infancy and Early Childhood Development1654 Words   |  7 Pagesand Early Childhood Development PSY/375 March 14, 2011 Kris Scott-Graves Infancy and Early Childhood Development Infancy and early childhood are referred to as those immature years of life and the stage at which most of a child’s development occurs. To strengthen the development of a child’s learning one must understand the physical and mental factors that affect a child’s development through observation and interaction. Development begins during the prenatal period on up to the early yearsRead MoreHow The Brain Benefits From Being Bilingual Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesSaussure, a French linguist from the early 20th century said, In the lives of individuals and societies, language is a factor of greater importance than any other. Language provides insight to one s culture, upbringing, likes, and dislikes. Being bilingual or multilingual in today s world has many benefits. According to a 2013 article in Time How the Brain Benefits From Being Bilingual by Jeffrey Kluger, multilingual brains are nimbler, quicker, better able to deal with ambiguities, resolveRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1150 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Beverly Mahone PSY/375 July 11, 2011 Andrew Rodriguez Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper The immature years of life and the stage in which the most development occurs in a child are referred to as infancy and early childhood. In this paper the subject will explain development during infancy and early childhood, explain how families affect the development of infants and young children, evaluate different parenting styles andRead MoreHuman History Literacy Rates Have Continued Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageshave continued to hike. Children now attend school than at any other point in history. Although nations have made immense progress, many are still far from reaching the universal goals of education. The importance of early education cannot be emphasized enough. As famous scholars had noted in human history, education is the precondition for success and unconstrained prospects. Educated citizens are the foundation for a nation’s sustainable economic and social development (Park 23). According to a studyRead MoreChildhood Education At A Daycare Center966 W ords   |  4 PagesEarly Childhood Education means the opportunity to learn about school education at a daycare center or programs before assisting in the Elementary school. These programs help children to socialize with other children in the same age. At the same time, these programs teach children to learn about colors, shapes, numbers, and early math that help them prepare for school. All children are different and they learn at different levels depending on their families, culture, community, languages, and manyRead MoreEarly Life As A Social Determinant Of Health1403 Words   |  6 PagesEarly life as a social determinant of health has the potential to impact both a person’s health and wellbeing. Social and economic disadvantage, belonging to a marginalised population, access to adequate nutrition, educational attainment and exposure to adverse experiences all contribute to an individual’s functional health into midlife and old life age. Those children who suff er socioeconomic disadvantages have earlier onset and faster progression of disease, resulting in higher morbidity and earlierRead MoreDevelopment Of Infancy And Early Childhood1385 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Wilson Development in Infancy and Early Childhood Throughout the course of the human lifespan, the period of most rapid development extends through infancy and early childhood. The early stages of development that occur during this time set the stage upon which further and more specific aspects of development will occur. There are many different external and internal components which influence and guide development during this time. These components include the individual’s family, including

Book Classification Final Exam - 657 Words

713 Final Exam Part 1 Question 1. â€Å"c† Question 2. â€Å"d† Question 3. â€Å"d† Part 2 The book, â€Å"Ceremonial songs of the Creek and Yuchi Indians† is unique because it fits comfortably under classifications of history as well as music. For example, the provided Library of Congress Classification number shows it categorized with folk music from the American Indians and the Dewey Decimal Classification makes no reference to the musical aspect instead emphasizing the ties to the Creek Indians. This is problematic because if someone is not aware of the full topic or title and is seeking the book, they may disregard the music and be unable to locate the book in their search. Retrieval requires solid metadata, especially in these instances where one subject or classification is not enough to adequately describe the â€Å"aboutness† of the work. This is one argument in favor of increasing the reach of the semantic web and Linked Data to alleviate some of these problems. As seen in Part 1, achieving coextensivity is not easy when there can only be one DDC or LCC call number, but multiple LCSH headings assigned. Part 3 The assignments for this course were certainly eye-opening for someone who intends to do cataloging and classifying work in the future. I naively assumed going in that there would be some ultimate form of classifying, but it seems the true winning combo is a combination of multiple, whether that be LCC, LCSH, DCC, folksonomy, or other ontologies. This work is integral toShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Aspects of Play1242 Words   |  5 Pagesand/or recordings from various global music’s †¢ To recognize aurally and visually classification of instruments Course Requirements/Grade Percentages †¢ Regular reading homework assignments from the text and additional reading including reading all handouts. Individual participation in lectures is mandatory. Regular, on time class attendance and participation will greatly enhance your final grade. †¢ There will be a midterm assessment at a reasonable point during the semesterRead MoreBasic Accounting Syllabus1024 Words   |  5 PagesCOURSE REQUIREMENTS: Regular and punctual attendance/assignments/recitations/seatwork/quizzes/exams IV. EVALUATION: a. Prelim Grade: (CS x 1.5 + PE x 3.5)/5 b. Midterm Grade: (CS x 1.5 + PE x 3.5)/5 c. Final Rating: (CS x 1.5 + PE x 3.5)/5 d. Final Grade: (PG + MG + FR)/3 V. TEACHING STRATEGIES a. Discussion d. Quizzes b. Board Works e. Exams c. Assignments VI. COURSE OUTLINE/CONTENT a. CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Accounting:Read MoreACC 290 new Final Exam Guide New1260 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ACC 290 Final Exam Study Guide Let’s get started†¦ Q 8 – Under IFRS Comparative prior-period information must be presented and financial statements must be provided annually. Explanation: See IFRS financial reporting requirement here: http://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias1 Q 10 - Similarities between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. GAAP include all of the following except: Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP allow revaluation of items such as land and buildings to fairRead MorePolicies And Procedures For Student And Faculty Performance1611 Words   |  7 PagesIhrke (as cited in Billings Halstead, 2012), faculty will be evaluated at end of course and annually (including teaching assignments/approaches, advising). Students will be evaluated with formative and summative evaluations including coursework (exam grades), clinical (performance, concept map, and reflective clinical evaluation tool or CET), and simulation. Curriculum will be evaluated at end of course (including clinical requirement/location, clinical site surveys, course sequencing, remediationRead MoreThe History Of Orthodontics Is Very Complex1251 Words   |  6 Pageswriter. His book Treatise on Oral Deformities, published in 1880, led to him being called â€Å"The Father of Orthodontics.† His book influenced the new dental department extremely. (Dowswell 26) Several different inventors helped to develop braces. In 1728, Pierre Fauchard wrote and published a book called The Surgeon Dentist with an entire chapter on how to straighten teeth with different techniques in it. In 1957, Bourdet, a French dentist, wrote a book called The Dentist s Art. This book also hadRead MoreIntermediate Accounting: Ifrs Edition1249 Words   |  5 Pagesyour benefit. Students are expected to participate actively in both lecture and tutorial discussions. Assigned readings and problems represent the minimum preparation for the material to be covered in lectures. You should seek out and read other books and articles that seem relevant to the course topics. This independent study will expose you to a broader range of views on the issues relating to accounting and enhance your understanding of the material covered in class. E-Learning and Your MyCaveHillRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Alexander Pope s An Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesof students during final exams. The concept of an essay has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary filmmaking styles and focuses more on the evolution of a theme or idea. A photographic essay covers a topic with a linked series of photographs that may have accompanying text or captions. Contents [hide] 1 Definitions 2 History 2.1 Europe 2.2 Japan 3 Forms and styles 3.1 Cause and effect 3.2 Classification and division 3.3 CompareRead More What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives.979 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent classifications of schools help students to build social skills, motor skills, and problem solving skills such as basic math, which is needed to solve everyday finances for example. Those are the basic experiences students will undergo during their childhood and teenage years. The World Book Dictionary defines education as â€Å"the development of knowledge, skill, and ability, or character by teaching, training, study, or experience† (670). We often gain knowledge by reading books, doingRead Morebusiness law chap 92036 Words   |  9 Pagesa later date) students will be expected to read and understand the contents of two chapters per week. D. Exams: Quiz 20% True-False/Multiple Choice/Essay Midterm Exam 40% True-False/Multiple Choice/Essay Final Exam 40% True-False/Multiple Choice/Essay FAILURE to be prepared when called on will result in a 5% reduction from total points earned in class. BRIEF BOOK - BRIEFS and PROBLEMS are to be handed in at the beginning of each class; if not, then 5% reduction from totalRead MoreDifferences Between Structured Data And Unstructured Data1739 Words   |  7 PagesCIS 8045--Final Exam--Due on D2L, June 3, 7AM. NOTE: This is an open book, open notes exam. No Collaborations. Work on your own. Please answer the questions in your own words. Q1. Similarities and differences between Structured data and Unstructured data (18 Points) Similarities between Structured Data and Unstructured Data. 1a. What are some of the key differences between managing structured data vs. unstructured data? Structured Data Unstructured Data It has a well-defined content or high degree

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations Free Essays

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations Charles Inabnitt American InterContinental University Abstract The early Greek and Roman empires or civilizations shared a lot of similarities in geography for they both are Mediterranean countries. They had similar religions also. These are some of the cultural aspects that are compared and contrasted. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Greek and Roman Civilizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early Greek and Roman Civilizations The following are examples of cultural elements of comparison and contrast: geography, government, economy, art, philosophy, religion. Furthermore, the graph below will go into more detail in all of the subjects discussed above. Greece| Roman| Geography| Some of the Greek poleis or city states as they were called where naturally separated by the sea from the mainland. Now the mainland was very mountainous. | Geographically, Rome was built on seven hills on the east bank of the Tiber River. The lower lying areas were prone to flooding. | Government| Greek governments were divided in groups by the great Aristotle, and are still used today by historians, into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies. | Rome was ruled by kings at the beginning of their time. Then it became a republic with emperors of royal blood and a senate and an assembly. | Economy| The Greeks since their poleis where unreachable by land they were reached by sea. Thus in the early part of the history of Greece the main source of economy was through fishing and trading. Later led onto agriculture and the growing of wheat. | Romans where known for their trading and were also known for taking slaves from all of the wars that they had from the expansion of their empire. Therefore, the people of Rome had grown a custom to slave labor. Art| The Greeks where known for the art form of perfecting the human body. They were known for sculptures and other famous art works known as ideal artistic form of art. | The Roman people were engineers. Concrete was one of the greatest inventions by the romans. They were able to make great expanded forms of architecture. | Philosophy| Philosophy or ‘love of wisdom’ was the enriched need of knowledge without the use of history. Some of the greatest thinkers came from ancient Greece mainly from Athens. | Roman philosophy was borrowed from the Greeks philosophy and the concepts of ethical and political. Religion| The religion of the Greeks where that of gods for every aspect of life. For example, there were gods for things like the sea ruled by Poeidon and the underworld ruling over the dead ruled by Hades. Then the all mighty Zeus ruler of all gods and of mankind. | Roman also believed in gods for every aspect of life. Therefore they borrowed the Greeks gods and just renamed them. | So in conclusion, as we can see that the Greeks and the Romans had many similarities. Reasons of this may stem from the fact that the Romans develop from the Greek colonies and also the Etruscan settlements. This may be the reason why the philosophy and the religion of the Greek and Romans are very similar. As you can also see though both civilizations had their differences in how their civilizations were maintained and ran in everyday life and morals. References Miller, Lee, Patrick. , Reeve, C. D. C. (2006). Introductory Readings in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc Sayre, Henry. (2010). Discovering the Humanities. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Hall How to cite Early Greek and Roman Civilizations, Papers

None Provided4 Persuasive Essay Example For Students

None Provided4 Persuasive Essay Western film theory is generally subdivided into classical theory and contemporary theory. Contemporary theory consists of a theoretical system, which employs psychoanalysis, ideological critique and feminism to interpret cinematic forms. It originated in the mid-sixties and flourished in the 1970s. It was first introduced to China in the early 1980s and brought in as a complete theoretical system a few years later. Peaking in the late 1980s, it should have taken up an important position in the development of Chinas film theory. Classical film theory had developed very slowly in China, and by the end of the 1970s it had acquired the following features:It was a theory about social politics, not about art or cinema, and frequently used as a tool in political struggle, directly serving the politics of the day. (Ke 66)Its artistic theory was insipid, simple and ossified, consisting merely of theories about production transplanted from philosophical dogmas. China had been closed for a long time, and there had been little international exchange, borrowing or debate. Therefore, widespread assimilation of the scholarly achievements of foreign film theory had been impossible and numerous lacunae and defects existed.(Ke 66)Toward the end of the 1970s China chose reform and opening to the outside world. Major changes in film theory were inevitable in order to adapt to the needs of social reform and cinematic innovation and to enrich and improve theory itself. Importing foreign film theory and changing Chinese cinematic concepts were also inevitable. The adoption of any film theory by society is not random but socially and historically determined. A society invariably adopts theories suitable for social development independent of any individuals will. As contemporary film theory was being given a cold reception, making up for what had been missed in classical theory proceeded on a grand scale and along the following lines:Establishing cinematic concepts by exploring the specificity of the cinema, making cinema an art form independent from others, and distinguishing film theory from general art theory to turn it into an independent field. Beginning to focus on cinematic forms of expression and artistic techniques in an attempt to break away from outdated methods centered on the Soviet montage theory, and beginning to use original forms to express fresh contents and feelings. Almost all these efforts to catch up on classical film theory provoked heated debates within the Chinese film world. There were both conflicts and compromises with the old theoretical system. Both sides attempted to devise an authoritative and socially accepted theory that would direct film production and criticism. In the absence of common ground, struggles both open and covert broke out between the left and right. The gap between traditional Chinese film theory and classical foreign film theory was considerably narrowed as a result of these efforts to catch up. However, different social conditions mean that no Western theory can be brought in unchanged, and because of the speed of their introduction, the essence of many theories was not fully understood. Superficial understandings, out-of-context interpretations, misreading and even misrepresentations were unavoidable. Practice had yet to show whether these theories suited Chinese circumstances, and whether they could become a part of a dominant theory. But as the pace of Chinas reforms and opening to the world increased, classical Western theory found itself unable to satisfy the intellectual needs of Chinas film theorists. The film theorists were already casting their gaze toward the outside world again. In the summer of 1984, contemporary Western film theory entered China again, this time through the unusual method of inviting American film scholars to Beijing to run a summer session on film theory. Although unprecedented anywhere in the world, such a method of disseminating contemporary film theory suited the organization of the Chinese cinema studies world. The two Chinese scholars responsible for this event were Cheng Jihua and Chen Mei. .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .postImageUrl , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:hover , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:visited , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:active { border:0!important; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:active , .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cf81e6a45febbd1ba3fc4448c34dc5f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Embryos EssayCheng and Chen had been invited to give a course on Chinese films in 1983 by UCLA. It was well-received. In the course of extensive contacts with American scholars, they came to feel deeply that Chinese film theory was so narrow, ossified and monolithic that it precluded academic dialogue with foreign countries. A number of American film scholars also wished to see for themselves the enormous changes taking place in China. Thus a daring program for academic exchanges began to take shape. When Cheng Jihua and Chen Mei returned to China, they successfully applied to the Ministry of Culture, then in charge of film, for the China Film Association to run a summer s ession on film theory and invite American scholars to lecture. The two main criteria for the invitees were academic expertise and friendliness toward the Chinese people. Lecture topics were fixed through negotiations between the China Film Association and the American scholars. Ke, Hu. Contemporary Film Theory in Film. 1995: Dangdai Bibliography:

TAX DOLLARS SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR free essay sample

Private SCHOOLS Essay, Research Paper Tax Dollars Should Not Be Used For Private schools Should parents be allowed to take their kids? s schools? This is a inquiry that goes much farther than merely merely taking schools. Do parents truly have a pick? Some parents can afford to direct their childs to a private spiritual school but some Don? t have the financess to make this. Some say that the authorities should offer tuition verifiers so that the hapless and minorities can hold a pick. This seems to be a good thought but there are many arguments in whether or non it is constitutional. In the undermentioned I will discourse why verifiers are a atrocious thought. Vouchers are plans that allow revenue enhancement dollars to be used for tuition at private schools, including spiritual schools. The authorities wages for each and every citizen in America to travel to school. They pay for pupils to travel to a public school within their country but sometimes the public schools in some countries are non really good such as the interior metropolis schools. We will write a custom essay sample on TAX DOLLARS SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The thought of verifiers would let hapless pupils to hold the opportunity to travel to a better school and lift out of poorness. Some of the inquiries that are being asked are will they really help the low category or will they merely help the more advantaged pupils? Another inquiry is if verifiers are constitutional or non, and have at that place been any experiments with verifiers yet. Right now there are two plans supplying public dollars to pay tuition for low-income pupils to go to private schools, in Milwaukee and Cleveland. Both include spiritual schools. These are considered to be experimental plans. These plans have been looked at and the job so far that seems to be the most evident is the fact that verifiers may merely profit the more advantaged. Harmonizing to the Ohio functionary province rating ( Metcalf 1998 ) : ? Scholarship pupils who accepted a scholarship to travel from the Cleveland public schools to a private school were accomplishing at higher degrees of accomplishment than their public school equals before they entered the plan. Therefore, it appears that the scholarship plan attracted better accomplishing pupils off from Cleveland public schools. ? Another survey from the National Education Association says? pupils in Milwaukee? s SAGE class-size decrease plan out performed regular public school pupils and verifier pupils in reading, and did ev ery bit good in math. ? The intent of verifiers is to make a pick for parents. With verifiers that pick is non guaranteed. Harmonizing to a survey by the National Education Association throughout recent history the per centum of pupils go toing public and private schools have remained changeless ( 89 % ) populace and ( 11 % ) private ( Education 58 ) . The one thing that sets private schools apart from public schools is the fact that public schools must accept any pupil that wishes to go to no affair what. A private school nevertheless can take the pupils they want. Private schools merely want the best pupils and they don? Ts have the capacity to accept big sums of pubic school pupils. So where is the pick? To me it sounds like the lone people that will advantage from verifiers are the elect pupils and the lone 1s that are acquiring a pick are the private schools. If the verifier proposal should go through public schools are traveling to endure. It is proven that that they hurt the bulk of pupils whom stay in public schools. Harmonizing to the National Education Association? In 1998-99, public support for some 6000 verifier pupils resulted in a loss of over $ 22 million in province instruction support for the Milwaukee public schools. In the same twelvemonth, Cleveland populace schools lost $ 9 million in province support, plus another ten million in administrative and transit costs-taken mostly from province support earmarked for disadvantaged public school pupils? ( Education 60 ) . How can the public schools even come near to viing with private schools taking losingss like this? This is yet another ground why verifiers are a bad thought. Now comes the inquiry. Are verifiers constitutional? The reply is no. Harmonizing to An article called Are School Vouchers Constitutional? ? The First Amendment of the Constitution means this: Neither the province nor federal authorities can put up a church. Neither can help Torahs, which aid on faith, assistance all faiths, or prefer one faith over another # 8230 ; No revenue enhancement in any sum big or little can be levied to back up any spiritual activities or establishments, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may follow to learn or pattern faith? ( Are School Vouchers Constitutional 2 ) . Now what has this said? Neither the province nor federal authorities can pay for faith. So where is the inquiry? If a pupil is sent to a private spiritual school on authorities financess, the Constitution will be broken! With all of this said, how is at that place any inquiry about there being more verifiers? There is no cogent evidence of betterment in pupils that are in the experimental plans, parents aren? t the 1s who are acquiring to do the picks, public schools will endure greatly, ? and we have to retrieve that that will still be the bulk of pupils, ? and verifiers are non constitutional. If we want to better the instruction of pupils in America we are traveling to hold to look to alternate methods. We need to discontinue looking at instruction on such a immense degree. Parents need to acquire more involved with there kids and we need to better the schools that we have now alternatively of merely seeking to set them out of concern. ATF on the Issues. Vouchers vs. little category size. 10-3-00 http/www.aft.org/voucher/report/effect.ht Battle, Susan. Are School Vouchers Constitutional? 10-3-00. hypertext transfer protocol: //members.tripod.com? ~candst/tnppage/vouch3.htm Education: Opposing View Points. The authorities should Not Offer Tuition Vouchers. Education World. An Overview of This Years Hottest Campaign Debate. School Vouchers 101 10-3-00. hypertext transfer protocol: www.educationworld.com/a_admin./167.shtrr Lieberman, Myron. Public Education an Autopsy. London, England, Harvard University Press, 1993 USA Today. Justice Allows Cleveland School Vouchers. 10-3-00 hypertext transfer protocol: /www.usatoday.com/news/cout/nsco1150.htm

The Legend of Lucretia in Roman History

The Legend of Lucretia in Roman History The legendary rape of Roman noblewoman Lucretia by Tarquin, king of Rome, and her subsequent suicide are credited as inspiring the revolt against the Tarquin family by Lucius Junius Brutus which led to the founding of the Roman Republic. Dates: 6th century BCE. The rape of Lucretia is said by Livy to have happened in 509 BCE.Also known as: Lucrece Where Is Her Story Documented? The Gauls destroyed Roman records in 390 BCE, so any contemporaneous records were destroyed. Stories from before that time are likely to be more legend than history. The legend of Lucretia is reported by Livy in his Roman history. In his story, she was the daughter of Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, sister of Publius Lucretius Tricipitinus, niece of Lucius Junius Brutus, and wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (Conlatinus) who was the son of Egerius.    Her story is also told in Ovids Fasti. The Story of Lucretia The story begins with a drinking bet between some young men at the home of Sextus Tarquinius, a son of the king of Rome. They decide to surprise their wives to see how they behave when they are not expecting their husbands. The wife of Collatinus, Lucretia, is behaving virtuously, while the wives of the kings sons are not. Several days later, Sextus Tarquinius goes to Collatinus home and is given hospitality. When everyone else is asleep in the house, he goes to Lucretias bedroom and threatens her with a sword, demanding and begging that she submit to his advances. She shows herself to be unafraid of death, and then he threatens that he will kill her and place her nude body next to the nude body of a servant, bringing shame on her family as this will imply adultery with her social inferior. She submits, but in the morning calls her father, husband, and uncle to her, and she tells them how she has lost her honor and demands that they avenge her rape. Though the men try to convince her that she bears no dishonor, she disagrees and kills herself, her punishment for losing her honor. Brutus, her uncle, declares that they will drive the king and all his family from Rome and never have a king in Rome again. When her body is publicly displayed, it reminds many others in Rome of acts of violence by the kings family. Her rape is thus the trigger for the Roman revolution. Her uncle and husband are leaders of the revolution and the newly-established republic. Lucretias brother and husband are the first Roman consuls. The legend of Lucretia- a woman who was sexually violated and therefore shamed her male kinsmen who then took revenge against the rapist and his family- was used not only in the Roman republic to represent proper womanly virtue, but was used by many writers and artists in later times. William Shakespeares The Rape of Lucrece In 1594, Shakespeare wrote a narrative poem about Lucretia. The poem is 1855 lines long, with 265 stanzas. Shakespeare used the story of Lucretias rape in four of his poems via allusions: Cybeline, Titus Andronicus, Macbeth, and Taming of the Shrew. the poem was published by printer Richard Field and sold by John Harrison the Elder, a bookseller in St. Pauls Churchyard. Shakespeare drew from both Ovids version in Fasti  and Livys in his history of Rome.

Affordable Care Act immigrants Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Affordable Care Act immigrants - Research Paper Example In the past decades, many Americans remained uninsured due to the expensive nature of insurance, and largely due to the poor and unfair code of conduct of many insurance companies. For example, the insurance companies could withdraw or rescind a person’s coverage just because they are suffering from heart diseases, diabetes or other long term chronic illnesses (Fernandez-Kelly and Portes 54). The companies also discriminated against the children, denying a majority of them the coverage they were warranted. Young unemployed adults also had a rough time as the companies sidelined them and denied them insurance. However, the Affordable Care Act has made things better and more affordable for people (Dolgin and Dieterich 46). It is a chance to fix the trust that was earlier broken as the terms of the ACA demand better services and programs from the insurance companies. Not only has it reduced the costs of insurance charged by the companies but has also reduced the much discrimination that the companies practiced earlier. Important to note is that ACA is a combination of two legislations, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (signed in 2010) (Le-May 24). With this combination, the ACA serves to increase and expand the Medicaid coverage to the many low income earners in America, and greatly improving the Children’s’ Health Insurance Program. Therefore, in a summarized way, the ACA legislation seeks to expand Medicaid coverage to all Americans, give a chance for people to enjoy a variety and choose from diverse services, promote quality healthcare for all people and lastly, ensure that insurance companies remain accountable to thei r customers, conducting their businesses in a transparent and fair manner (Le-May 40; Bustamante, 320). However, the number of people who are uninsured

Substandard Patient or Health Care Delivery Paper Essay

Substandard Patient or Health Care Delivery Paper - Essay Example discussed in this paper will relate to the issues of poor communication, resulting in substandard care, and failure to follow basic hygiene guidelines in an Emergency Room (ER) setting. Experience: A few years back, I went to the ER in a large city hospital with a friend who had fallen and broken her wrist. It was only midday, but they were very busy and the receptionist told us we would wait for around 30 minutes to see a triage nurse. Once this happened and a history and details of the accident were taken, we were told to wait to be called to see the doctor. The nurse gave no indication as to how long we would wait. There seemed to be no regular order in place, and at no time did any staff member apologize for delays, ask how people were doing, or announce a waiting time. After two hours, another nurse called us to a treatment cubicle. We waited a further half hour and during that time, I noticed the condition of the cubicle. There was a dirty, used paper towel under the sink, other paper on the floor, and on one wall, there were splashes of dried blood. More worrying, was that when the doctor came in, he straight away began to examine my friend’s wrist, w ithout washing his hands or putting on gloves. His manner was friendly but brusque; he was moving from patient to patient as fast as possible. He told us that bloods and x-rays would be taken, and the nurse came and sent us back to the waiting area. After an hour, we were directed to x-ray and while waiting there, somebody took blood tests. During this time, she was in pain, but because of the need for test results, no pain relief was offered. After 30 more minutes, the x-ray results came back and at this point, the wrist was put in plaster and a sling attached. We could not leave until the bloods results were available. Everybody was polite and efficient, but no apologies for oversights and delays were offered, and we left before the results came; my friend had to sign a disclaimer for doing

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business report - Essay Example The cash rate or the interest rate of monetary policy has been stable for the past financial year and half, and the board had already taken some time to evaluate the implication of substantially reducing the rate of interest on the monetary policy. Finally, the Reserve Bank of Australia has done a crucial job in controlling the lending rate by reducing the cost of borrowing. Also. Since the Australian dollar was week against the U.S dollar, the reserve bank operated with favorable monetary policies to prevent the collapse of the Australian Economy. Therefore, the economy is stable and there is a predictable growth in the first half of 2015. The growth will boost investment, the rate of return to commercial banks and employment. One of the most important elements in the performance of any economy is the amount of workforce or the employment status of the population. High level of employment results in a high output of the economy and consequently a high level of development. However, the level of employment is not the only determinant of economic growth, especially when it comes to global markets. The prices of oil have proved to a significant determinant of macroeconomics and research has already pointed out that the increase in the prices of oil is hazardous to global markets. The prices of commodities have been observed to decline and the price of oil has significantly fallen over the last couple of months; which has resulted to a lower level of demand as a result of high level of supply. Interestingly, since oil is arguably the core driver of any economy, lower price of the energy is tipped to strengthen the global output and the rates of inflations are temporarily expected to fall. This study will look to explain the current economic situation in Australia and making a forecast for the rates of cash of the Central Banks, keeping in mind the drop in the prices of the oil in the global market. With the cost of oil falling in the

Marketing Communications: Promotion Strategy for Wimbledon

Marketing Communications: Promotion Strategy for Wimbledon BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (â€Å"Club†) located at Wimbledon, is a private club founded in 1868. Its first ground was situated off Worple Road, Wimbledon, and the first Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championship was instituted in 1877. By the turn of the century, Wimbledon, as the event had become known had grown in popularity and reputation, acquiring international status as the premier tennis event. By 1920, a company was formed to acquire and equip the present site at Church Road. A complex agreement governs and defines the relationship between the Club, the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), the company, and Wimbledon as a self financing event. Profits from Wimbledon, held during June and July of each year, accrue to the LTA after meeting expenses of the Wimbledon tournament. LTA in turn utilises the surplus funds to develop tennis as a sport in Great Britain. A second company to exploit trademarks and brand opportunities was established in 1993, whereby any profits would accrue for the benefit of Wimbledon to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials, and stakeholders. Surplus funds from Wimbledon that have been made available to LTA were 25.8 million in 2003. Wimbledon does not disclose revenue or sponsorship figures but it is estimated that it had a net income of  £ 34 million during 2004. (Wimbledon 2005 and Schwartz, 2004) Wimbledon, as an event does not appear to have a vision statement defined by Johnson and Scholes (2005) p13 as a â€Å"desired future state† or â€Å"aspirational statement.† Wimbledon has equally not published a mission statement, or â€Å"overriding purpose in line with the values or expectations of stakeholders.† (Johnson and Scholes, 2005, p13) However, given the close association with the LTA described above, it can be argued that the event’s underlying vision and mission are aligned and it is appropriate to quote the LTA’s vision, â€Å"to make Britain a great tennis nation,† and the mission statement, â€Å"more players, better players,† to give context to Wimbledon. (LTA, 2005) Wimbledon is marketed as an international event rather than a British event although British tennis derives the economic benefit. (Cambridge Econometrics, 2003) Essentially a small business employing less than 100 full time staff, the club is a local tennis facility in South West London, with a web site, clubhouse, museum, and a shop for 50 weeks of the year. Its distinguishing feature is a seating capacity of 35,500 spectators to accommodate Wimbledon. The total area of the club including courts, premises, and car parks is 42 acres. There are 375 full members plus a number of honorary members (including past singles champions) and approximately 100 temporary members elected annually. The workforce increases to 6000 during the period of the tournament. (Wimbledon, 2005) This report focuses on Wimbledon as a discrete, ring fenced event. It proposes an marketing communications strategy to the Club and the LTA committee, after due consideration of the macro, micro and market influences. MACRO-ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS The environmental context of Wimbledon encompasses a number of driving or restraining forces that have the capacity to influence the effectiveness of the communication strategy. PESTEL A common framework is that of PESTEL comprising political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal influences. (Johnson and Scholes, 2005.) Fill (2002) suggests that seasonality is an additional factor in an event environment. The framework provides broad data from which the key drivers of change can be identified. Mega events on the scale of Wimbledon, which target an international market, and the success of which influences urban logistics such as transport and security, requires significant political support. (Bull, 2004) The United Kingdom government has established a set process for government involvement and investment that requires a clear assessment of benefits. This should also be seen in the context of post September 11th security concerns that may affect Wimbledon. (Strategy Unit, 2002) The positive economic benefits in terms of tourism expenditure and promotion of London as a destination highlight the interdependence of the PESTEL influences and the host city. Socio-cultural influences such as changing population demographics in Wimbledon’s target audience needs to be considered in terms of media access and viewing patterns. (Fill, 2002) Emerging technologies were used during 2004 as innovative mediums for the first time to expand the audience reach. These included a combinat ion of online media, video on demand, interactive television, and live coverage to Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and mobile phones. The impact on promotion strategy in the lead up to and during the championship requires careful analysis to maximise audience reach. (Schwartz, 2004) The environmental impact of Wimbledon is substantial, albeit over a short period, in terms of noise, traffic, waste management and other influences. The Merton borough in which the event is located is revenue dependant on Wimbledon’s success as part of its urban regeneration programme and hence supports the event upon which it in turn derives a benefit. An emerging influence is that of corporate social responsibility and re-investment back into the community. This has a positive impact on legal influences such as council regulations and bylaws. (Gratton et al, 1999) Seasonality affects Wimbledon in terms of weather and the time of year in which the event is held. (Fill, 2002 and Wimbledon, 2005) Porter’s Five Forces Inherent to the theory of marketing communication strategy is the notion of competitiveness and gaining advantage over competitors. Porter’s development of generic strategies and a five forces model of analysis of competition within an industry are useful in understanding Wimbledon as a unique event. (Johnson and Scholes, 2005) Wimbledon’s prestige and history allows it to follow a differentiated premium pricing strategy in which the objective is to â€Å"maintain the quality and character of the tournament and not to maximise income.† (Wimbledon, 2005) Although Wimbledon is a profitable venture in the event industry, the barrier to entry to a rival wishing to compete is high and the prestige of Wimbledon not substitutable in terms of world attention and focus. Buyer power is limited by the spectator facilities and hence access in high demand, whilst are suppliers fragmented without a single dominant player. Competitive rivalry between Wimbledon and other events is not material and hence unlikely to threaten Wimbledon. Arguably Wimbledon’s position may be threatened in the future if the dynamics of the macro environment change. However a marketing communication strategy that builds on the successes of the past that continues to capitalise on innovative, leading edge communication strategies will ensure an image re-invention for future audiences. Product Life Cycle Wimbledon has changed its strategy from the garden party approach of the early 20th century through the skilful use of technology for its target audience in the 21st century, demonstrating that whilst in a mature phase of the life cycle model as a brand, it can maintain market share through re-invention of its product delivery. (Czinkota, Ronkainen, and Tarrant, 1995) MICRO-ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Strategic Resources The analysis of the macro-environment has indicated Wimbledon’s positive base for competitive advantages. The sustainability of competitive advantage in terms of capability is based on strategic resourcing that reflects the distinctive resources which allow the Club and its partners to generate a superior product at a premium price. This is based on Wimbledon’s tangible resources such as facilities and grounds as well as intangible resources such as information, reputation, and knowledge. Wimbledon’s competencies are represented by the activities and processes whereby it deploys its resources year on year, building, and learning from successes of the past and ensuring that they cannot be imitated, thus sustaining its competitive advantage. The path dependency of Wimbledon’s resources has evolved through its culture and history that is influenced by causal ambiguity implying that worldwide perception of Wimbledon would be difficult to replicate. (Johnson an d Scholes, 2005) Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a key element of an integrated marketing communications plan. The concept has evolved from McCarthy’s 4P’s (product, price, place, and promotion) into different models that depend on their context. Recent developments have been the addition of personnel, physical assets, and procedures to the marketing mix forming the 7P’s in Booms and Bitner’s extended marketing mix model. This has especially reached acceptance in the discipline of services marketing and arguably Wimbledon’s combination of tangible and intangible resources, falls within that category. (Goldsmith, R. E. 1999) Goldsmith, 1999, p178 proposes an eighth P, â€Å"personalisation† in terms of individual needs and wants of the consumer. Wimbledon’s product offering is based on a combination of tangible cues represented by its physical offering, and intangible attributes such as prestige and status of the event. Premium brands such as Rolex have for example endorsed Wimbledon in their capacity as the â€Å"official timekeeper of the tournament† for over 25 years at a cost of approximately  £7 million. (Schwartz, 2004) Direct pricing is represented by the gate price for access, and indirect pricing through the sale of television rights to channels such as the BBC and NBC TV, to attract worldwide viewer audiences. The personnel or people component is represented by pride with which employees and volunteers provide quality services to the public and players. (Schwartz, 2004) The top players themselves compete for the privilege of playing and hence are frontline line actors both directly and indirectly in the service space. Personalisation can be demonstrated by the clever use of technology. For example the BBC has provided interactive television coverage allowing five simultaneous live matches on one screen that allowed viewers to personalise their choice of matches thus capturing 4 mi llion viewers in 2004. (Schwartz, 2004) Competitors The Davis Cup is an international team competition introduced in 1900 by American player Dwight Davis. Originally called the International Lawn Tennis Challenge Trophy, while initially only two teams participated (the USA and Great Britain), the competition has grown into an event in which over 100 nations now participate. It is a roving event and has been hosted at the Wimbledon grounds from time to time. The event itself has the same target market as Wimbledon but complements rather than competes with the championship event. Wimbledon therefore arguably has no competitors in terms of its positioning. (Wimbledon, 2005) SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) illustrated below in Table 1, is often used as a convenient summary of key issues from the business environment that may potentially impact on an organisation’s marketing communication strategy. (Johnson and Scholes, 2005.) The purpose is to identify the strategic options available to Wimbledon. A detailed analysis is beyond the scope of this report but Table 1 below illustrates focal elements that will be discussed in the creative proposal. Table 1: SWOT Matrix MARKET ANALYSIS This section of the report considers key figures and statistics relevant to Wimbledon as a basis for a creative proposal. Attendance Figures from the early 20th century are not available but in 1932 219,000 spectators attended the event. The 400,000 barrier was broken in 1986 and a record attendance of 490,081 in 2001 when play was extended into a fourteenth day. (Wimbledon, 2005) Table 2: Daily Attendance 2000-2004 * Bad Weather (more than 2 hours lost) ** Entire Day Rained Off (Source: Wimbledon, 2005) The table above clearly illustrates the effect of bad weather with significant decreases in spectator numbers due to cancelled matches. The wet weather refund policy to spectators attempt to compensate spectators who are an important element of Wimbledon theatre. Weather negatively influences viewers when coverage is not available which in turn may affect sponsors through loss of on-sold advertising revenues. However, plans for the remodelling of Centre Court at Wimbledon were unveiled in January 2004 and included a transparent, retractable roof over the centre court as well as an increase in spectator capacity. Revenue Wimbledon derives revenue from entrance tickets, â€Å"official suppliers,† or sponsors, media distribution and broadcasting rights. Ticket sales are not the primary source of revenue with a maximum income estimated at  £20 million using average ticket prices. The 15 official suppliers contribute an estimated gross income of  £120 million. Wimbledon does not publish revenue or sponsorship figures and the aforementioned figures are estimates. NBC TV for example pays an estimated  £7 million for broadcasting rights. (Schwartz, 2004 and Wimbledon, 2005) Official Suppliers provide goods and services, which are both essential for the staging of Wimbledon, and which meet the Club’s objective of improving the quality of the service provided to the players, spectators and the media. For example, Rolex appears on court scoreboards as the official timekeeper and Hertz provides transport for the players. (Schwartz, 2004 and Wimbledon, 2005) Demand for Wimbledon tickets has for decades exceeded supply. Tickets are also sold through the LTA and to their affiliated tennis clubs, schools, membership scheme and to foreign tennis associations. Wimbledon remains one of the very few major UK sporting events for which one can still buy premium tickets on the day. Each day (excluding the last four days, approximately 500 are specifically reserved for sale at the turnstiles. Ground tickets may also be purchased on the day of play on every day. Costs of pre-booked tickets range from  £24 to  £59 or  £4 or  £16 sold on the day. Every five years centre court Wimbledon debentures are sold. The issue of 2,300 debentures for the 2006-2010 Championships inclusive has already been oversubscribed. Each debenture, priced at  £23,150 (nominal value  £2,000, a premium of  £18,000 and VAT of  £3,150), entitles the holder to a reserved seat in Centre Court on each day of the tournament during the five year period. (Schwartz, 200 4, and Wimbledon, 2005) The lack of detailed financial information does not allow a realistic or accurate comparison with Wimbledon’s competitors in the international arena. Target Market Wimbledon has an 82.4% adult television reach in Britain during the tournament. UK Sport suggests that tennis tournaments and Wimbledon in particular to the younger ABC1 income group with a gender bias towards a women audience for British success in sport. Accurate figures for the world audience are not readily available. (Taylor Nelson and Sofres, 2002) Hassan, Kraft, and Kortam, (2003) suggest that the scale and reach of an event such as Wimbledon requires rethinking in terms of a converging commonality of a global consumer’s interest in the event. They recommend an avoidance of over complex marketing plans that rise above domestic or micro buyer attitudes, motivation, and behavioural demographics commonly used for segmentation in local markets. CREATIVE PROPOSAL The proposal to Wimbledon’s committee is to leverage the existing brand equity associated with the tournament in order to improve perceptions of tennis in the broader international environment as basis for entrenching Wimbledon’s position as the premier international tennis event. The concept is a natural extension of the LTA’s British vision to that of the international arena and represents an affirmation of Wimbledon’s commitment to the principles of corporate social responsibility. It is suggested that the current â€Å"tennis ace† campaign of identifying talented, but economically disadvantaged players be extended to the third world whereby winners would be invited to celebrity matches during the tournament hence leveraging off the existing promotional mix of the event. (LTA, 2005, and Wimbledon, 2005) Brand equity is a measure of a number of differing components including beliefs, images, and core associations that consumers have about a particular brand such as Wimbledon. A brand with strong equity has the capacity to strengthen barriers to entry and ensure sustainable competitive advantage, and in so doing, maintain premium pricing. (Johnson and Scholes, 2005) An integrated marketing communication strategy has an important role to play to ensure consistency of message across domestic and international marketing initiatives. (Fill, 2002) The marketing communication objectives will be to raise levels of awareness amongst stakeholders with respect to Wimbledon’s commitment to developing tennis as a sport internationally and more particularly in potential future markets in the developing world. In order to achieve this objective, Wimbledon will have to maintain its position as an important contributor to the LTA and hence it’s commitment to Britain, but at the same time extend the awareness of its developmental commitment to tennis globally. Suitably credible spokespersons representing tournament winners will be important balance the possible conflicting interests of LTA domestically and Wimbledon internationally. CAMPAIGN A campaign is a unique combination of advertising, promotional events, public relations and other marketing communication activities that all express the same consistent message. When implemented effectively, they present a cumulative strategic message to the target markets under a collective symbolic umbrella whilst enhancing the emotional connection to a brand. (Robinson and Hauri, 1991) The proposed campaign methodology for Wimbledon is a gentile form of ambush marketing in that the official suppliers and television broadcasters will provide the communication channel for the initiative. A programme definition, scope, and schedule of activity will be constructed for the â€Å"tennis ace† project to coincide with the promotional strategies that lead up to the tournament. (Arens, 1999) The indirect endorsement by mega brands such as American Express, Hertz, and Rolex will add to the strength of the message. It is Wimbledon’s stated objective that free-to-air television, and radio access across the world should be made available for all or part of the tournament and by default, to the developing world and emerging markets. (Wimbledon, 2005) This will ensure accessibility to talented players participating in the scheme and arouse local country interest in the programme. Campaign scheduling would automatically align with the promotional activities of official suppliers and broadcasters. The profile and push strategy defining the campaign is estimated at  £1.2 million, including concept, creative and limited internal marketing with a  £500,000 budget for control and evaluation. Important to note is that an estimated 1.8 billion people in 164 countries watched 5,700 hours of Wimbledon coverage in 2004 through existing channel arrangements. (Schwartz, 2004) Control and evaluation would be affected partly through external agencies such as the sponsors and broadcasters, but Wimbledon would be responsible for overall message delivery and control. Focus groups, tracking studies of awareness and perception and recall tests will be used to monitor the impact of the campaign. In particular the marketing communication objectives will be assessed regularly as the main form of evaluation. (Fill, 2002) CONCLUSION This reported has reviewed the external and internal environments of a highly successful event with the objective of leveraging off existing competitive advantages to entrench an already strong position as a means of expansion into potential new markets. It takes cognisance of the emerging importance of corporate social responsibility in terms of itself and its official suppliers and establishes a cost efficient programme to meet international requirements whilst contributing to its own future success. REFERENCES Aarens, W. F. (1999) Contemporary Advertising, International Edition. Irwin, McGraw Hill. Bull, A. O. (2004) â€Å"Mega Or Multi-Mini? Comparing The Value To A Destination Of Different Policies Towards Events.† Unpublished paper presented at Third DeHaan Tourist Management Conference, 14 December 2004. Cambridge Econometrics. (2003) â€Å"The Value of the Sports Economy in the Regions: the Case of London.† Sports England. Czinkota, M. , Ronkainen, I. A. and Tarrant, J. J. (1995) The Global Marketing Imperative. Lincolnwood, Illinois, NTC Business Books. Fill, C. (2002) Marketing Communications: Contexts, Strategies and Applications. London, Financial Times, Prentice Hall. Getz, D. (1997) Event Management and Event Tourism. New York, Cognizant Communications. Goldsmith, R. E. (1999) â€Å"The Personalised Marketplace: Beyond the 4P’s.† Marketing Intelligence and Planning. Volume 17, 4. Gratton, C., Shibli, S. and Coleman, R. (1999) The Economic Benefits of Hosting Major Sporting Events. Insights. Hassan, S. S., Craft, S. and Kortam, W. (2003) â€Å"Understanding the New Bases for Global Market Segmentation.† Journal of Consumer Marketing. Volume 20, 5. Johnson, G., and Scholes, K. (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy Seventh Edition. Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd. LTA. (2005) Lawn Tennis Association. www.lta.org.uk Accessed 21 April 2005. Robinson, W. A. and Hauri, C. (1991) Promotional Marketing. Lincolnwood, Illinois, NTC Business Books. Strategy Unit. (2002) â€Å"Game Plan: A Game Plan for Delivering Government’s Sport and Physical Activity Objectives.† www.number-10.gov.uk. Accessed 19 April 2005. Schwartz, J. A. (2004) Wimbledon’s Marketing Grand Slam. www.imediaconnection.com. Accessed: 21 April 2005. Taylor, Nelson and Sofres (2002) UK Sporting Preferences. UK Sport. UK Sport Wimbledon. (2005) â€Å"All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club: the Official Web Site.† www.wimbledon.org. Accessed: 20 April 2005.

An Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essays -- Charlotte Bronte

An Analysis of Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre is presented in the Victorian Period of England. It is a novel which tells the story of a child's maturation into adulthood. Jane's developing personality has been shaped by her rough childhood. She has been influenced by many people and experiences. As a woman of her time, Jane has had to deal with the strain of physical appearance. This has a great effect on her mental thinking and decision making. Jane Eyre's cognitive and physical attributes have been affected by her environment throughout her life. Jane Eyre was born an orphan and raised under the hands of a heartless Aunt. Aunt Reed stressed to Jane that she was privileged to live so well without any parents. At a young age, she has to discover the hardships of life. Jane's cousin, John Reed, emphasizes to her "you are a dependent, you have no money, your father left you none, and you ought to beg" (17). With this in mind, Jane Eyre must continue through her early years in life depending on no one but herself. Jane is a wicked child according to Mrs. Reed and Mr. Brocklehurst, the master of a boarding school. She is admitted into Lowood School for orphans; under the orders of her master, she must stand on a stool for a day to release her sin. Jane's isolation and strict punishment is a result of her rebellious attitude toward adults. Helen Burns is Jane's companion who she can relate to and rely on during her hard times. When Helen becomes sick, Jane becomes angry and is determined to leave Lowood as soon as she can. Jane's eight years at Lowood resemble life in a prison. Mr. Brocklehurst's goal is to "not to accustom them to the habits of luxury and indulgence, but to render them hardy... ...rs Jane comes back to see him. She realizes that she still loves him. She longs to be loved. He is the only person that will give her a chance of a real relationship. Jane has discovered her heart. Jane makes decisions based on the outcomes. Whatever she decides, she wants passion and love to be a direct result. She only feels this with Mr. Rochester. Mrs. Reed and Mr. Brocklehurst have given Jane a restriction on life. As soon as she arrives at Thornfield, her strict life is rescued by Mr. Rochester. Rochester reveals his desire for her, and she is finally led into the world of love. She no longer has to deny herself of her emotions, but is free to express them. Jane's appearance has not prohibited her from achieving what she desires, but becomes a major part of her reasoning. Works Cited: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1996.

Alzheimer’s disease and dementia

Alzheimer disease, the most common cause of old-age-associated dementia, accounts for over 50% of the dementias seen in the general adult population. Current projections indicate that over 4 million Americans will be suffering from various stages of the disease. Clinically, Alzheimer disease is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive and physical status that sometimes begins during middle age (presenile dementia) but more typically has onset late in life (senile dementia), with considerable variability in behavioral manifestation.Diagnosis of Alzheimer disease requires both the presence of dementia and a characteristic pattern of neuropathology, including the presence of gross atrophy. The earliest stage of Alzheimer disease can generally be characterized by mild memory disturbances. This phase may be followed by one or more of a combination of agnosia, aphsia, and apraxia. Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Dementia is a gradual deterioration of mental functio ning affecting all areas of cognition, including, judgment, language, and memory. An irreversible, progressive condition in which nerve cells in the brain degenerate, and the size of the brain decreases.Dementia generally occurs in the elderly, although it can appear at any age. Several substantial studies have been done to determine its prevalence, and in 1991 a major study was conducted which found that dementia occurred in just over 1 percent in ages 75 to 84; and more than doubling to 10. 14 percent in persons 85 and over. Other studies have concluded that many as 47 percent of people over 85 suffer from some form of dementia. Prevalence rates tend to be comparable between the sexes and across socio cultural barriers, such as education and class.It is also worth nothing that, despite what is often commonly thought, dementia is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common degenerative brain disorder, although onset of the disease is rare b efore the age of 60. After that age, the incidences of Alzheimer’s disease increases steadily, and than one-quarter of all individuals above the age of 85 have this disease. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease is the cause of about three-quarter of all cases of dementia in individuals above the age of 65. Researchers have identified many types of dementia.Including dementia resulting from Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, substance induced dementia, dementia due to other general medical conditions, and dementia not other wise specified. More than half of the persons diagnosed with dementia are classified as having dementia resulting from Alzheimer’s disease. This type of dementia occurs in more than half of dementia cases in the United States. There is no definitive method in diagnosing this kind of dementia until after the patient’s death and an autopsy can be performed on the brain. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and DementiaGenerally speaking, dementia has a gradual onset and can take different routes in different people. All sufferers, however, are eventually impaired in all of cognition. Initially, dementia can appear in memory loss, which may result in being able to vividly remember events from many years past while not being able to remember events of the very recent past. Other symptoms of dementia are agnosia, which is the technical term for not being able to recognize familiar objects, facial agnosia, the inability to recognize familiar faces, and Visio spatial impairment, the inability to locate familiar places.Along with cognitive deterioration, sufferers of dementia often experience related emotional disorders as they recognize their deterioration and experience anxiety about its continuation and worsening. Typical among reactions are depression, anxiety, aggression, and apathy. Psychologists are uncertain to what extent these symptoms are direct results of dementia or simply responses to its devastati on. Dementia progressively deteriorates the brain and eventually sufferers are completely unable to care for themselves and, ultimately, the disease results in death.Causes of the Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia The cause of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia is not known, but several theories of causality have been advanced. These theories propose genetic, environmental, viral, immunological, biochemical, and other causes for the disease. The specific features of disease vary from individual to individual, but the general course of the disease is fairly consistent in most cases. The symptoms of the disease tend to be more severe at night. The first stage of disease is usually forgetfulness, accompanied by some anxiety and mild depression.This usually develops into a more serious loss of memory, especially of recent events, moderate spatial and temporal disorientation, loss of ability to concentrate, aphasia, and increased anxiety. This set of symptoms is usually follow ed by profound spatial and temporal disorientation, delusions, hallucinations, incontinence, general physical decline, and death. Alzheimer’s disease and memory drugs Since there are many possible reasons for dementia-like attributes, it is important to see a neurologist.A neurologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the brain and the disorders affect the brain. Neurologists often specialize in a particular brain disorders that affect the brain. Neurologists often specialize in a particular brain disorder. For instance, one neurologist may treat primarily patients who have had a stroke (temporary or permanent loss of some body functioning), While other neurologists may treat primarily Alzheimer’s patients. Therefore, choosing an appropriate neurologist is one of the first steps in determining the correct diagnosis. History of Alzheimer’s diseaseA German neuropathologist and psychiatrist named Alois Alzheimer studied a 51-year old female patient with severe dementia. The woman started experiencing symptoms five years earlier, such as memory loss and trouble reading and writing. She rapidly declined to hallucinations and was unable to take care of herself. When Dr. Alzheimer’s patient died, he was able to study her brain at autopsy. Alzheimer noted that the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain responsible for numerous functions such as movement, perception, memory, and speaking, was thinner than normal and had severe atrophy.He also noted two other abnormalities. The first was â€Å"senile plaque† (now know as neuritic plaque) that had earlier been seen in the brains of the elderly. Second, there were neurofibrillary tangles within the cortex that has not been previously described. These hallmarks, for which Alzheimer coined the term presenile dementia, are now known as Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, to this day, the only way to definitively know that a person has AD is at autopsy. The impact of Alzhe imer’s Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the patients but also the patients but also the patient’s family.Almost one out of three household in the United States is affected by AD. A little over half of the care provided to AD patients is at home; some estimates place the care at home closer to 75%. The combination of healthcare expenses and the loss of income of both the patient and the caregiver are approaching $100 billion nationwide. The average cost per patient from the onset of symptoms is about $ 174,000. Over half of the nursing residents in the United States have AD or some other form of dementia.The annual cost of caring for an AD patient ranges from $18,400 for mild symptoms to $ 36,132 for those with advanced symptoms. In addition, the average cost of nursing home care is almost $58,000 a year. Medicare and most health insurance plans do not cover the care of an AD patient since it is considered â€Å"custodial care†. Caregivers are a subset of the Alzheimer’s picture that is often overlooked. Stress and depression are reported frequently among caregivers: depression affects approximately 50% of caregivers, with stress occurring in at least 80%.Not surprisingly, the emotional, financial, and sometimes physical burden of witnessing a loved one decline mentally and physically is often overwhelming. Support and hope There are several organizations dedicated to educating patients, families, and caregivers about Alzheimer’s, providing helpful insights into where to go for help and support. Researchers have been studying the AD brain with all its complexities, since Alois Alzheimer presented his patient in 1907. Science is now closer to finding some answers about what may cause AD, and therefore gaining momentum on what may prevent or treat the disease.

How Can Civic Education Enhances Civil Society Essay

Civic education is very essential to each and every citizen in a civil society. Therefore it must be noticeable. Civic education contributes to the well-being of society. This presentation is aimed at discussing how civic education can enhance civil society. The key concepts in this presentation are civic education and civil society. Therefore it is important to know the meaning of these two terms. Civic education is the field of study dealing with rights and responsibilities of citizenship as well as the responsibilities of the government. It deals with the commitment, assumptions, values and challenges of the national and civil society at large (Mwaipaya 1980). A Civil society is a public place between the states the market and the ordinary household, in which people debate and tackles action. Civic education enhances civil society in many ways, as one of the components is civic knowledge which it imparts in the citizen of the civil society. If the civil society are aware of their rights and if they know what to do it is very easy for them to participate in various activities of the civil society. Civic education imparts knowledge on democracy among the citizen of the civil society; democracy simply means a dialogue, a discussion, and a deliberative process in which citizen engage themselves in question about civic knowledge like what are the foundation of that particular civil society, and if the civil society will have knowledge on democracy issues it will improve. Hence this knowledge about democracy can only be imparted to the civil society through civic education and by doing so it is enhancing the needs of a civil society (Brookers etal 1980). Civic education also enhances civil society in terms of democracy because it is through civic education that we know and explain to others on how democracy acts and depends on certain basic values like respect for individual, the right to participate in the implementation of politics and development programmes, therefore if people in a civil society have knowledge about these rights and responsibilities, the civil society will be improved. Civic education can enhance the civil society because of its civic skills, if citizens are able to exercise their rights and discharge their responsibilities as members of self-governing communities, they are only need to acquire relevant intellectual and participatory skills, when we say intellectual skills these are essential for informed, effective and inseparable citizen from content, to be able to think critically about contemporary relevance as well as command of a set of an intellectual tools or considerations useful in dealing with such an issue. Hence if the society will have civic skills it will automatically be enhanced and there will be quick development in that particular civil society (Z.C.E.A, 2004). Another intellectual skill which good civic education fosters is that of describing. The ability to describe functions and processes such as legislative checks and balances or judicial review is indicative of understanding, describing trends like participation in civil lif e, immigration or employment helps the citizens fit current events into longer term pattern (Patterson, 2001). Civic education seeks to develop competence in explaining and analyzing issues, if citizen can explain how something should work, they will be able to analyze things as the components and consequences of ideals, social, political or economic processes and institutions. The ability to analyze enables one to distinguish between facts and opinion or between means and ends. It also helps the citizen to clarify responsibilities such as those between personal and public responsibilities or those between elected or appointed officials and citizens, therefore this can only happens if people in a civil society have civil skills and by having these skills in a civil society means that civic education is doing its job of enhancing the civil society (African Development Bank Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Global poverty, 2002). Furthermore, civic education enhances civil society through the component of civic skills, in such a way that education for citizenship in a democratic society focuses on civic skills that are required for informed, effective and responsible participation in the political process and in civil society, those skills can be categorized as interacting, monitoring and influencing. Interacting pertains to the skills citizen need to communicate and to work cooperatively with others. To interact is to be responsive to one’s fellow citizens, to interact is to question, to answer and to deliberate with civility, therefore if people be able to interact and question others toward certain common good the civil society will be enhanced. Monitoring politics and government simply refers to the skills citizens need to track the handling of issues by the political process and by the government. Monitoring also means the exercising of over sight functions on the part of citizens. Finally the participatory skill of influencing refers to the capacity to affect the process of politics and governance, both the formal processes of governance in the community (Mwaipaya, 1986). Civic education can improve and enhance our civil society through the component of civic dispositions essential traits of private and public character. This is important to the maintenance and improvement of constitutional democracy. Civic dispositions, like civic skills, develop slowly overtime and as a result of what one learns and experience in the home, school and organizations of civil society. These experiences should engender understanding that democracy requires the responsible self -governance of each individual worth and their dignity. One cannot exist without the other. Traits of private character such as moral responsibility, self -discipline and respect for the worth and human dignity of every individuals are no less consequential. Such traits as public spiritedness, civility, and respect for the rule of law, critical mindedness to listen, negotiate and compromise are indispensible to democracy success (Patterson, 2001). Civic education can enhance civil society due to civic dispositions that contribute to the political efficiency of the individual, the healthy functioning of the political system, a sense of dignity and worthy as well as the common good were identified in national standards for civics and government. In the interest of brevity, these dispositions are private and public character might be described as becoming an independent member of the society, assuming the personal, political and economic responsibilities of a citizen, respecting individual worth and human dignity (respecting others and listen to their opinions). Also participating in civil affairs in a thoughtful and effective manner as well as promoting the healthy functioning of constitutional democracy (Todaro etal 2009) Therefore, it can be noted that civic dispositions as a component or the habits of the heart , the traits of the public and private character that under-greed democracy are in the long run, probably of more consequence than the knowledge or skills a citizen may command (Z.C.E.A, 2004). In conclusion, civil society can be enhanced by civic education through its components (civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions). Civic education is therefore very important to the lives of citizens in a civil society and it must be noticeable.

Iconic plane Essays

Iconic plane Essays Iconic plane Essay Iconic plane Essay Essay Topic: The Chrysanthemums This Is still part of the semiotic approach since It Is still based on the signifier- signified relationship. But here it Is not that material elements of the work that are dealt with as In the basic semiotic plane, but this has to do with the particular features, aspects, and qualities of the Image which are the signifier. The Image Is regarded as an iconic sign which means, beyond its narrow associations with religious images in the Byzantine style, that it is a unique sign with a unique, particular and highly nuanced meaning, as different from a conventional sign such as traffic or street sign which has a single literal meaning. The iconic plane includes the choice of the subject which may bear social and political implications. An example in art history is the French realist artist Gustavo Coursers choice of workers and ordinary people in his paintings, instead of the Olympian gods and goddesses or heroes from Greek and Roman antiquity that were the staple of classical and academic art up to the nineteenth century. We can ask the question: Is the subject meaningful In terms of the socio-cultural context, does It reflect or have a bearing on the values and Ideologies arising In a particular place ND time? One proceeds to consider the presentation of the image and its relationship to the viewer. If the subject is a human figure, does it address the viewer directly; is it self- contained or self-absorbed? What kind of subject-viewer relationship is implied by the subject through his facial expression, body language, costume and accessories, natural or social background? Is it a relationship of peers or one of dominance and subordination? Is It a friendly, ironic, aggressive, or hostile relationship, and all possible nuances thereof? Most examples of Philippine genre, for instance, are based n the concept of the stage or tableau which Is oriented towards a large public audience which It Is aware of and directly addresses?a mark of the social cohesiveness of rural peasant society as well as the extended Filipino family system in which all members of society have their kinship appellations. John Berger in his Ways of Seeing has an engrossing study of paintings with the female nude as subject, many of which he demonstrates as stemming from sexist attitudes refrying (reducing to object status) or commingling women with respect to the implied male viewer. Also part of the iconic plane is the positioning of the figure or figures, whether frontal, in profile, three-fourths, etc. And the significations that arise from these different presentations. Does the painting show strong central focusing with the principal figure occupying the center space or Is It decremented and the painting asymmetrical In composition? How do these presentations contribute to different meanings? Does the subject or subjects have a formal or a casual air? How does one describe the central figures stance: poised, relaxed, indifferent, provocative, or aloof? ND accessories? O the setting, natural, social or domestic? What is the relative scaling of the figures from large to small? What bearing does this have to the meaning of the work? Ulnas Tampon brings to the fore the artists sensitivity to body language. How do the postures of the man and the woman convey their emotional attitudes? In portraits, where is the gaze of the subject directed? This is important not only in defining the relationship of subject and viewer but also in describing pictorial space. Degas painting Woman with Chrysanthemums shows a middle-aged woman beside a large vase of flowers. More importantly, her intense and scheming look projects an imaginary line to a figure or figures that are the objects of her gaze outside the pictorial field of the painting into an implied open and expanded space. This work deconstructs the classical conventions of portraiture. Is there cropping of the figure or figures? What is the significance of the kind of cropping used? Some kinds of cropping are intended to create a random, arbitrary effect as against the deliberate and controlled. Other kinds isolate a segment of the subject, such as the hand or the feet, in order to draw attention to its physical ululateswhen a part stands for the whole, a peasants bare feet can tell us about an entire life of labor and exploitation. Some artists use cropping as a device to imply the extension of the figure into the viewers space. Here one also takes into account the relationship of the figures to one another, whether massed, isolated, or Juxtaposed in terms of affinity or contrast. A painting may expand or multiply its space by having not Just one integral image but several sets of images in montage form, from the same or different times and places. These may occur in temporal sequence to constitute a narrative or may take the form of emulations facets or aspects of reality. Serial images which show an image multiplied many times, as in Andy Whorls Marilyn Monroe or Campbell Soup Cans, convey significations arising from the blatant consumerism of the advanced capitalist societies of the First World. The style of figuration is an important part of the iconic plane. The figurative style is not mere caprice, passing fashion, or the artists personal scripture; beyond these, it implies a particular re-presentation or interpretation of the world, a world view, if not ideology. Classical figuration basically follows the proportion of 7 1/2 to 8 heads to he entire figure in its pursuit of ideal form, as in a formal studio portrait with the subject enhanced by make-up, all imperfections concealed. Realist figuration is based on the keen observation of people, nature, and society in the concern for truth of representation, thus creating true portraits of individuals or exposing the poverty and squalor that arise from social inequities. Impressionist figuration is fluid and informal, often catching the subject unawares like a candid camera. Expressionist figuration follows emotional impulses and drives, thus often involving distortion that comes from strong emotion. However, the viewer should not be too anxious to find original styles that have gone far obeyed the School of Paris. It is important to be sensitive to the meaning-conveying potential of highly individual styles. In the basic semiotic plane which deals with the material aspect of the work and in the iconic plane which deals with the features of the image itself, one can see that as the signifier cannot be separated from the signified, concrete fact or material data cannot be divorced from value; in other words, fact is value-laden and value or ideological meaning is derived from material fact.

How was the plot to kill president Garfield created and carried out Essay

How was the plot to kill president Garfield created and carried out Please use specific examples from book - Essay Example He had a very high means of opining about himself. He felt that he deserved to get a very powerful job in United States, and James Garfield was in the best position to offer him that job (Millard 2012). However, the president did not offer him his wish; so he plotted to assassinate him. Charles Guiteau was a republican like James Garfield and Ulysses Grant. Prior to the elections of 1880, James Garfield and Ulysses Grant were running for the presidency and James Garfield won the Republican nomination to face Democrat Winfield S. Hancock in the general elections. Guiteau had engaged in several ventures before joining politics. He then supported the Republican presidential candidate James Garfield after his favourite Stalwart candidate Ulysses Grant lost in the nomination. Stalwart was a Republican faction allied to the former president Ulysses Grant. The other faction was Half-Breeds led by President Garfield. The vice president Arthur who later took over as president after the assassination of President Grant was a Stalwart. Guiteau wrote a speech called Grant vs. Hancock which he later changed to Garfield vs. Hancock in support of Garfield (Millard 2012). He later said that his intention was to unite the two factions of the Republican Party; and one of the reasons why he murdered the president is because he thought it was the best way to resolve the divisions in the Republican Party which, according to him, were caused by President Garfield. With these political sacrifices he made, Charles Guiteau hoped that the Republican government would offer him a good job. He aimed at a diplomatic post in Vienna, and later asked for the same position in Paris. During the 1880 campaign he was all over the Republican headquarters in New York City seeking rewards for his efforts which he believed to have caused the narrow win of Garfield over Hancock. Later after the inauguration of Garfield in March 5, 1881, he went to the White House in Washington and

Haiti Earthquake Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Haiti Earthquake - Research Paper Example Except, this latest earthquake has brought to surface the fragility of the Haitian government and institutions because of their inability to provide survivors basic care and necessary safety nets (Amnesty International, 2011). There has been a considerable amount of evidence and proof that shows the poor functioning of the government in bringing the life back to normal in the earthquake hit zones. Haitian citizens are left homeless, displaced, living in makeshift tents, and now are fighting daily against Cholera which has been introduced into environment by United Nations. In this paper, let us analyze the outcome of the quake which has paved way for the development of internal conflicts and the steps that needs to be taken to prevent the internal conflict. Haiti will have to learn from other such earthquake prone zones as to how to face the consequences. Variable Natural Disaster Internal Conflict (Direct Variable) (Independent Variable) Owing to the imbalance and proper organizatio n of powers there tend to be a lot of problem in a country in case of a natural disaster like that of an earthquake. There are several conflicts that will arise out of a situation like earthquake that will drain out human resource, economy and also life balance in a region. Many political, economic, and social conflicts bound to happen. Hypothesis There is definite relationship between the 2010 Haitian earthquake and internal conflict. Theory The 2010 Haitian earthquake will stimulate internal conflict if the vulnerabilities of the people aren’t handled quickly and efficiently. Currently, earthquake survivors are going hungry, dying from the lack of sanitation, and women are being sexually abuse. These are some of the many vulnerabilities being exacerbated by the earthquake. Haitians were poor and lacked resources before the earthquake but the atrocities left behind have intensified those vulnerabilities. The country will be on the brink of an internal conflict you must defin e/operationalize internal conflict! if proper precautions aren’t taken now. There are various studies that demonstrate that an earthquake and a natural disaster can bring a population closer. Just as there many studies showing that sudden disasters, change on the environment can bring pressure to states with the inability to properly handle a natural disaster. This paper deals with the natural disaster and the potential consequences that may arise out of such tough situation. The output will be compared with that of the Haitian situation in order to get the derivative. Yes, there is obvious unrest, lack of housing, and scarcity of other resources. However, in this research paper I would like to examine how natural disasters that occur in underdeveloped countries can lead to internal conflict by looking at other underdeveloped countries which has experienced natural disasters. Literature Review Natural disasters occur suddenly and thus the reason that these create the most ana rchy within a region. The people are the worst sufferers because their homes have been dismantled and the property that remained within their fore is affected nonetheless (Topkaya, 2011). The United Nations defines natural disaster as â€Å"the consequences of events triggered by natural hazards that overwhelm local response capacity and seriously affect the social and economic development of a region.†

Thoreau's views of Nature is primarily subjective in which he Essay

Thoreau's views of Nature is primarily subjective in which he identified himself as a part of Nature whereas those of Darwin and - Essay Example His political view seems to be much closer to the concept of Individualism but at the same time, it is of dangerous effects in terms of the line he drew through the chapters like Civil Disobedience. As any other writer, Thoreau’s writings may bear resemblance to the thoughts of different authors. To see through him from the perspective of an individualist thinker in comparison with some other individualistic ideologists is interesting. John Locke, a prominent English writer and philosopher of the 17th century who questioned the divine rights of the King, triggered a revolution of theorization in the field of political and philosophical thoughts. Locke is strictly an empiricist, who holds the view that the experience of the senses is pivotal in pursuit of knowledge. In this sense, when we turn back to Thoreau and his practical experiment with the simplicity of life in Walden Pond, can we find any similarities or dissimilarities between Thoreau and Locke? Or can we say that did the views propounded by Thoreau derive from the Locke’s writing? This research paper is an attempt to look into Thoreau’s thoughts on nature from this viewpoint. Does Thoreau’s Views of Nature Stem from Locke’s Writings? Let’s start with a quote used by Thoreau in his essay titled Where I Lived and What I lived for. â€Å"I am monarch of all I survey; My right there is none to dispute† (Thoreau retrieved from http://thoreau.eserver.org/walden00.html) Thoreau asserts that man is supreme in constituting his understanding of nature as we see in the philosophy of empiricism. From these words, it is obvious that Thoreau believes that human beings are absolutely free to lead their life in nature as they wish and a particular government or a law cannot reign over the free will of them. Again in the essay titled Civil Disobedience, one of the most controversial and influential essays by him which inspired the great social thinkers like Mahatma Gandh i and Tolstoy, â€Å"I heartily accept the motto , that government is best which governs least(Thoreau. Retrieved from http://thoreau.eserver.org/civil1.html)†. We can a draw a line connecting the main thought of both of the citations, which accentuates man’s freedom in the state of nature. In this regard, he is obliged to Locke’s views of nature as we read the essay titled Of the State of Nature: TO understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider,what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man. (Locke. retrieved from http://www.constitution.org/jl/2ndtre). Here, we can see the meeting points of the ideology of both the writers and it is most probable that Thoreau’s views must have shaped from Lockeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s thoughts. According to individualistic ideology man is supreme and above another’s restrictions. The above-mentioned wordings of the both of the writers assert the same line of thought in different manner. It is easy to infer from this similarity in thought that Thoreau should have forged his conception of nature and human freedom from the individualistic ideologists like Locke. Through the analysis of The Second Treatise of Government by Locke it is obvious that he upholds the view that sovereignty is secured in the hands